w Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/humaneindustryorOOpowe Humane Indujlrj i OR, A -ISTORY Of mod: Manual Arts? Deducing the Original, . Progrefs, and Improvement of theni. Furniihed with variety of Instances and Examplesdhciv- ing forth the excellency of Humane Wit Kgcnxuiv, 0V Qveei ’)■ lO'KDom Printed for Henry Hemngwm, sad to be fold at his Sbor, at the Blerv^/l&chor, j lower Walk of tie New-Bschange. , sad ?ii to b; i tcher, in the I p i(0f, | Gentlemen Hough this Curious Plec you are here prefente.d with, needs neither Preface nor Apologie for its pub- lication^yet I perceive you are now grown to that delicacy or rather ftate in youfr Diet, you will noteat with- out a Tafter. Give me leave therefore to acquaint you, That thofe to whofe cenfure I permitted this Book, before! fent it to the Prefs, (and in whofe Judge- ment I have fome reafon to eonfide)bave allured me it hath in it thofe two Graces of Attraction, Novelty and Excellency in its kind * That the Title (which is a fault you may the more eafily pardon, becaufe not often committed) does modeftiy vail many perfe&ions in the Work it felf, in which you have feveral curious remarked on Mufique, Limning , and other Noble Arts , as well as thole that are properly termed Manual-, and thofe too fo hand- fomly treated of, with that excellency o£ Wit, that fair abundance and variety of , To the Readers. judicious reading , that roundnefs , ftrcngtb, and dignity of Stile , that you will imagine your i'elves even amongft the Mechdhtque Arts, to be converfant'in the Liberal. The meaneft things are en- nobled here by the Expreffion^ and all our Author touches he turns to Gold: So that for what concerns my felf, I may confidently affirm, I have in the publica- tion of this Treatife, perform’d an ac- ceptable fervice to all ingenuous perfons: And for the Author, 1 may adventure to fay, He hath by this Work particularly honoured that Art of which he gives you fo handfome an account 5 1 mean , The Invention of PRINTING. The The Principal Authors, mentioned in this Work, Abraham Gelnh\ . Arifiotle. Aldovrand. Atbanaf: Kirchersss, Apukitt*. Archimedes. An l : Gellius9 Augufiin. ^tALltan. Baker^ Sir Richard, Martas. Bacon Roger. Bacony Vic. St Albans , Riishequins* \ A 3 The CONTENTS- Chap. I. 'O-esMyiKit : or. The Invention of Dials, pocks, Watches,and other time-tellers. Chap. I I. page i 'ZtpM^Tromun: Of feme curious Spheres 3tid Reprefehtations of the World. 14 chap. HI. a v to par 0 rroimun of fundry Machins and Artificial Motions 5 by Water, and Air. _ ' ' 24 Chap. IV”. t&wa'miKti : Or the Art and Myftery of Writing, with the Inftrumcnts there- into belonging. 4 6 Chap. V. T^yer?*** : Of the Myfterie of Print- ing : Alfo of Printing- Prelfcs. 6 2 Chap. VI. Tptpm: Or the Art of Limning and W ‘ Painting j ■ s r \ ' The Contents . Paintings Alfo of the Plumary Art. 70 Chap, VII* er and dancing* Balias what, and of what tificC Boe tills a rare Mathematician: Boats made to fay l under water > made to (ail of them (elves, made of a Tcrtoife (hell, made rf Ofier or Wicker , made of Paper or Reeds, Biting of //^Tarantula cured by Mufuftte • Bellows fill'd with water to blow fire. Cambricks The Index. C. Cambricks made at Cambray/ Coco* trees the great benefit of them • Crow taught to {lye at Partridges . Clocks of curious workmanfhip. Chains very curious made by Vulcan* Corn, van Drebble agreat Mechanique or Engineer. Cuxxzclcsdefcribed by Lucan. Cicuration, or taming of Wild Beafis . Chriftal Glafs impatient of heats. Cloth made of dowle growing upon A (hell- fijh, made of incombustible fax. made of a hairy flone called T richitis or Salamanders vvooll, ma e of the Barks of Trees, made of Camels hair, called Came lots, made of mod fallen from the sky • Cloth made clean by throwing it into the fire. Coaches going with Sails. Chariots drawn by Lions , h bfStAggs, by L>0g?> by Efiriches, by Elephant s9 moved by Sails . Dials The Index. D. Dials invented by Anaxamenes , made with Heliotrope Dolphins made ufe of to catch fijh. Deer u fed for the Saddle. Dove artificial made to flyt Devil hater of Mu fiqtte. Damask-BW'jb. Dancing Horfies. E. Eagles taught to fly at fowl. Eagle artificial made to fly. Eloquence, the great force and power of it, Erafmus his Spherical Ring. Elephants taught to dance , and how. Very decil , and taught to perform fun dry offices. Eftriches put to draw a Coach, F. Flavio of Amalphi , firfl inventor of the Mariners compafs. Feather- works of rare Art. Filh Nautilus, flrfi T ypeofa Ship, Flea with a chain about her neck. Foflil and fufil glafjes. Fifties affected with Mufique. The Index. G. GUfs where made , and whereof, Glafs Galley. Glafs chains, Glafs Organs, Glaffes made to burn Ships, Glafs made malleable. Grog rams made of Coats hair. Garments made of feathers, H. / Hours, fo named from Horus Apollo. Horfes taught to dance. Hydrautick organs ^ Heavens artificial, I. Inftrument of perpetual motion invented by Van Drebble. Incombuftible Flax. Iron Spider made to move like a natural Iron mid that one could carry about him% Leopards taught to run M Deer like Grey- hounds. ^ Linnen the general wear of Pr lefts. Limning or Painting how begun* The Index. Letters invented by the Phoenicians. Lions tamed for fever ai offices. Loadftone deferibed by Claudian, very ufeful by Land and by Sea , comparable to ad the pretious ftones in the mrld. Locks of curious work. Lute, why called Teftudo. Looking-glifles, fome ft range feats to be done by them . Load-ftars, which they be. Looms weaving Webs of themf elves. M. Muflque the fir ft invention of it, the power and efficacy of it , upon men and be aft in curing difeafes of body and mind, in corrupting manners jr reform- ing. Memnoa’s Statue Mafic al. Mariners Compafsi by whom Invented. Mills of Segovia, Tholoufe, and Dant- zick, admirable . . Mill of Iron that one could carry in his fleeve. Monky very skilful at Chefs -play. Moon The Index. Moon inhabited, Mofaic work, what it is, Myrons hrajen Cow* N. Navigation a bold Art , Navigation very imperfeB before the in-^ vention of the Cempafs. Navigation^ land, and under water O. Organs tuned by the motion of water, by the Sun- beams. Opfidiang/a/jr, what kind. Orpheus his powerful Mufique. Ovid/ Pen preferred. Organ Pipes made of Glafl, made of Alablafer . O tters taught to dri ve fijh into the net , P. Parrot taught to flag the Gam- ut. Painting or Limning a ufeful and delight ~ ful Art . Plum ary art what it is. Pictures made of feathers. Figures highly valued. Panthers tamed for hunting. Picture called Deaths- dance. Printing The Index. Printing, where invented. Printing- Prefles. Paper made of f eggs or rufhes3 R. Rare jhews on the Roman Amphitheaters, Roger Bacon a great Mathematician. Rcvcrfus, affhufed to catch fijh withal. S. Sea-dial* See Mariners Compafs. Spiders in the Summer Inlands making filk. Spider of Iron moving like the natural , Sybarits horfes taught to dance. Sailing Coaches . Sailing by fiars before the invention of the Compafs. Sailing Taprobana by the direffion of birds. Ships with Gardens and Orchards on the tops . Ship firfl invented ^fjafon among the Gre- cians* Silk- worm firfi brought into Europe, Sea- filk. Silk whether any vegetable or growing upon trees . Spiders tiffue admirable* Spit The Index. Spit to turn by a Sailfty the motion of Ain Spheares reprefenting the heavenly bodies and motions . Specular ft one what it was . Statues vocal . Salamanders wood, what it is . T. Thermo-meters, or Weather glaft ess Travelling by the direction of Stars. Tortoife fhell ttfed for a houfe and a boat i Tortoife fhell fir ft pattern of a Lute. Triton artificial founding a Trumpet. Tredeskins Ark. Tyrians the be ft Navigators. V. Velvets and Sattins made of the bark of the Palm tree. Vulcans chains very fubtile. Venus riftng out of the Sea , was Apelles his mailer-piece, W. Waggon and oxen of glaft , that a Fly could cover with her wings , Weaving whom invented. Water- wotksoffundry forts. .,W atches made in the collet of a King flang- ing at Ladies eares% Wes- The Index. Weather ' glaffes of what afe. Wind-motions, fun dry injlances. Writing an excellent invention . Writing in lead and braf , in recks and fionesy in leaves and barks of trees, in cedar and box, in waxen tables. Writing in Jhort hand , by whom invented. Writing with the feet. Wooli, whether growing upon trees. Wooli rain’d from the sky made into cloth. Wooden Palace of Henry V 111. Z. Ziglography what , and of what ufe.$ Zeuxes hts picture of an old woman decei- ved by a painted curtain , CAP. =3 (0 ' C A P. I. XlPOAOriKEi OR The Invention of Dyals* Clocks, Watches ^ and other Time^tellers* Time is the moft precious com- modity that man doth enjoy £ becaufe time paft, cannot be re- voked 5 and time loft* cannot be repaired* Damn a fieo rerum) fed pins fleo damns, ' > dierum, Rex poterit rebus ftccarrere , nemo diebui- Loft Treafure I bewail, but loft Days more ; Kings can give treafurea none can days reftore0 ! ■ ' G there- Therefore men (hould fet a due eftimate upon this commodity , and expend ic thriftily and wifely : to which purpofethe ancient Sages of the world have ingeni- oufl / deviled a way to divide even the Natural day ^which is one of the leaft meafures of time) into hours, and thofe into quarters and minu'es, and into leffer Fra&ions then they 5 that by this Horo- mtry> they might mete out and proporti- on bufinefs to the time, and time to the bufinefs in hand. The name of Heray Hours, came from Hertts Apollo , an M- gyptian Sage, who firft divided the day into thofe portions we call hours, as Ma- crobius S diurnal, 1. 1- cap. %\. informs us. In jfsgypt there was a Bcaft of a very ftrange kinde, called Cynecepbalus , kept in the Temple of Serapisy which in the time of the two ^Equinoxes, did make water twelve times in a day, and fo often in the night, and that regularly, at even fpaees of time 5 from the observation whereof they divided the natural day in- to twenty four hours* and that Beaft was their Clock and Dyal, both to divide the day, and reckon the hours by. This gave a hint (belike) to the Clepfyd? the motion of the Sun, from which ob- fervation he devifed Sun-dyals called S dot eric a. Though Vitruvius afcribes the Invention to Berofus the Chaldean, who framed Vafa Horofcopa, and Ppicyclia excavivata cum ft) le (as he terms them) certain hollow Dyals (like difhes) with Stiles or Gnomons eredted in the middle. At Rome they counted the day ( for a long time) by the fhaddow of a brazen Obe- lisk or Pillar •• when the fhaddow of the pillar did fall in fuch a place, they did account it Noon or Mid- day, and then a Crycr was appointed to cry it about the Town ; So likewife at Evcning,when the fhaddow fell in fuch a place, the Cryer proclaimed horam fupremamt the laft hour of day : other diftin&ions they had none as yet. The Nafican Scipio was the firft that brought the ufe of Water*glaffes a- mongft them, and diftinguiflied the hours of day and night ; until his time, Populo Romano indifer eta lux fuit, faith Pliny, the Romau people had no divifion of hours ; as the T urks (at this day) have no diftin- diion of their ways by miles, nor of their days by hours, as Busbequias relates Ep. i. Legat, Turc., In Plautus h;s time, there was fS) was great (lore of Sun dyals in Rente, which he calls Solaria ; for in one of his * Comedies, he brings in an hungry fer- Called sa- vant complaining of the number of ?"\which them, and curling the Invention in thcfethefe words cxpreflions. are cited by Ut ilium Dii perdant qui primus horasf^' repperit , £)uifc primus adeo Jlatuit hie Solarium, mihi comminuit mi fer o articulatim diem, Nam me puero venter hie erat Solarium Multum omnium iflorum optimum ac verijfimum. ibiiBe monebat*effe,ni{i cum nihil erat. $. Edere Nunc etiam quod ell non efiur ni(i Soli lubet Jtaque jam oppletum ejl oppidum fdariis Major pars populi , aridi replant fame . Among the Perfians every ones bel- ly was his Dyal : fo it was in Ammianus Marcedinus his time : But thefe ways of Horometry were rude and imperfed. By Water- giaUcs the account was not regu- lar: for from the attenuation and con- den fation of the water, the hours were feorter or longer, according to the heat or coldnefs of the weather. Then for the C 3 Sun (6) $un*dyals they did ferve but at fome times, only by day time, and then not alwaies neither, but when the Sun- (hined. To remedy thefe defeats, fome wits did caft about how to diftinguifti the hours of the night as well as of the day 5 and of cloudy days as well as of ferene and dear. Hereupon fome Engines and con- trivances have been compofed by Tro* chiliqtte art, or the artifice of Wheels - which by the motion of feveral Wheels, and Springs, and Weights, and counter- poizes ihould give an account of the time, without Sun or Stars 5 andthefe Were called H or doges. Severinus Boetias a worthy Patrician of Rome, and a moft eminent Philofo- phcr and Mathematician, was the firft (that I findc) that contrived any Engine of this fort : Theodor icus King of the Goths wrote a Letter to the faid Boetius to beg one from him for to beftow on his brother in law G undibald King of Bur- gundy 5 in which Letter he calls ir, Ma* chin am mnndo gr&vidam, ccelum gefiabile, reram compendium 1 A portable heaven, and a compendium of the heavenly Sphears,as Gafiodsr hath it, who was the penman, in the firft book of his wrh le- iliones , Aaron (7) Aaron King of Pcrfii fent fuch in In- ftrument fur a piefenr to Charts the great King of Fance, intheyear 804, it was made of Copper, & Arte Mechmica mu rifi.ce compofitum, faith Hermmnus Con- trac}us3who doth defcribe the fame more largely in his hiftory. Of theie Horologes, feme are mute, and fotne vocal : Focal 1 call thofe which by the found of a Bell ftriking at juft in- tervalsand periods of time, do proclaim the hour of the day or night, yea, even half hours and minutes 3 by the bencfic whereof, even blinds men that can fee neither Sun nor ihaddow, and thofe that lie in their beds, may know how the time goes, and how long they have bin there, although they ft pc ail the while; and are properly called Clocks,frora the French word Cloche , a Bell. It rota nexa rotisyinmlaque ara jonant* Mute Horologes are fuch as perform a fiicnt motion, and do not fpeak the time of the day, but point at it with an Index, f uch as are Siin- dyals and Watches 3 the laft of which go by fprings and wheels, as the others by weights and wheels : yet ' Q 4 fame (8) fome of thcfe are vocal too, and carry Bells and Alarums, to fignifie unto us the ftealthof time. Many carry Watches about them that do little heed the fabrick and contrivance, or the wit and skill of the workmanihip 5 as there be many that dwell in this habitable world, that do lit- tle confider or regard the wheel- work of this great Machin, and the fabrick of the houiethey dwell in. A King of China upon his firft feeing of a W atch,thought it a living creature, becaufe it moved fo regularly of it felf, and thought it dead when it was run out, and its pulfes did not beat. The wit of man hath been luxuriant and wanton in the Inventions of late yeats; fome have made Watches fo (mail and lighr^that Ladies hang them at their ears like pendants and jewels - the fmalnefs and variety of the tools that are tifed about thefefmall Engines, feem to me no lefs admirable then the Engines thetnfelves 3 and there is more Art and Dexterity in placing fo many Wheels and Axles in fo fraail a compafs(for fome French Watches do not exceed the com- pafs of a farthing) then in making Clocks and greater Machines. * •' ' ' The The EmperourCW/j the fifth had ac^f- ' Watch made in the Collet or Jewel of aHuu Ring 5 and King $ antes had the like : and one Georgius Caput Blanc us , or George Whitehead was expert at making fuch knacks at Vicenza in Italy, as Schott us tells us in his Itinerary of that Country. Anirew Alciat the great Civilian of France, had a kinde of a Clock in his chamber, that fliould awake him at any hour of the night that he determined, and when it (truck the determined hour, it (truck fire likewife out of a flint, which fell among tinder, to light him a candle : it was the invention of one Caravagio of Sienna in Italy. In fome Towns ok Germ any and Italy , there are very rare and elaborate Clocks to be feen in their Town* Halls 5 where- in a man may read Aftronomy, and ne- ver look up to the skies, Sydereos vuhus, Cant at a% vatibus A fir a. Non opus efi Ccelo qu^rere, quare domi . So Grotius of thefe Globes. In the Town- Hall of Prague, there is a Clock that (hews the annual and perio- dical motions of the Sun and Moon, the names ( «°) names and numbers of the moneths,days and Feftivals of the whole year,the times of the Sua-rifingand Petting, through- out the year, the ^Equinoxes, the length of the days and nights, the rifing and fetting of the ia Signesof the Zodiack : Ihe age of the Moon with its feveral Afpc&sand Configurations 5 as George Bruy defcribes it in Tbcetro Urbium. But the T own of Sraesburgb carries the bell of all other fteeples (of Germa- ny) n this point, A Scheme of the Straf- burg clock you may finde in Coriats Tra- vels, with a full deferiprion thereof: it Hub. Me - was made by one Co nr ad us Dafypodius a **der German, and Profeffor of the Mathema- Gre&' tiques irt that City. t deMtt- One Linn us a Jefuite of Liege, and an gmte. Englishman by birth(as Kircher tells me) hard a Phial or Gla!$ of water, wherein a little Globe did floar,with the four and twenty Letters of the Alphabet defcri- bed upon it , and on the infide of the Globe was an Index or Stile, to which the Globe did turn and move it felf, at the period of every hour, with that let- ter which denoted the hour of the day fucceffively, as though this little Globe kept pace and time with the heavenly motions, motions, Gafiend. de vita Peyrefci. Kircher above mentioned had a Veffel of water, in which, juft even with the height and furface of the water, the twen- ty four hours were deferibed 5 upon the water he fet a piece of a Cork, and there- in fome feeds of a certain Heliotrope flower, which (like the flower itfelf) would turn the cork about, according to the courfe of the Sun, and with its mo- tion point the hour of the day, ibid. In that famous Stable of the Duke of Saxony at Drefden , there is a Room fur- niihed with all manner of Saddles 5 a- mong the reft , there is one that in the Pommel hath a guiided head, with eyes continually moving • and in the hinder part thereof hath a Clock, as M. Morifon (an eye witnefs) relates in his Travels. Of a portable Clock or Watch, take this enfuing Epigram of our Countryman Thomas Gamp tan, de Horologia Porta - hilt. Temp or is interpret parvttm congeftus in orbem , J£gi memores repetis noffediejfe fonos. Ut [emelinftrucius jucmde fex quater boras Me* Mobil'ibm rotulis ir requiet us agis. Necmecum ( quccunj^ feror) comes ire grAvaris Annumerans vita damnaJevAnfy me as the fame Livy9 a great Experi- mentator O 5; mentator and dcvifor of Machanical Motions and Inventions^ He was the firft , qui ftedarum errantium motus in Spharam illigavit^ faith Cicero , i° T ufc. that made a Sphcar and an artificial hea- ven, wherein he did reprefent the rota- tions and revolutions of the Planets, and that with as true time and meafure as they perform the fame above. Of this Sphcar Claudian hath an Epigram that acquaints us with fome thing of the Fabrick of it. Jupiter in parvo cum ament atber a vitro 5 Rifit, & adfuperos talia diffa refert J Hue cine mortalis progrefia poten - tia cur /e f $am mem in Fragtli luditur erbe labor, $ura Fell, Rerumque fdem3 Ee- gefque Beorum , / j Ecce Syracujius T ranfiultt arte Senex *. Inclufus variis famulatur Spirit tus aflrts 5 Ft vivum cert is mot thus urget opus. Fercurrit proprium mentis us ftgnifer annum y • ES ft. ArchlS mia. (i6) It Jimulata novo Cynthia 'rnnfe redit, Tranflated thus by Mr Nathaniel Card p enter in his Geography, In a fmall Glafs when Jove beheld the skies, He fmil’d, and thus untothe Gods re- plies 5 Could man extend fo far his ftudious care, To mock my labours in a brittle fphear ? Heavens Laws, Mans Ways,and Na- tures Soveraign Right This Sage of Syracuje tranflates to fight, A foul within on various Stars attends, And moves the quick Work into cer- tain ends 5 A feigned Zodiac runs its proper year. And a falfe Cynthia makes new months appear* And now bold Art takes on her to command, And rule the heavenly Stars with humane hand. Who can admire Saltnonew harmlcfs Thunder, When a flight hand ftirs Nature up to wonder f 1 his This is mentioned alfo by Ov. 6. Fafii Arte Syracofia fujpenfus in acre claufo Stat Globm , immenfi parva figurapoli From that defeription of Claudian, we obferve firft , T hat this Machin did move of it (elf, it was an Automaton , a rdf- moving device 5 and which moved re- gularly by certain laws, Et vivum cents , metibm urges op mi As the Poet faith. 2. We learn from ; him, that thefe motions were driven and aded by certain Spirits pent within* Inciufus variis famulatur fpiritm ajlris* About which- fpirits K ire her hath often beaten his brains, what to make of them, that he might know what was the inward principle of motion in that machin : But after all his ftuiy and feruting, he could never find it out, but he contends that the Circles of thatSphear were of brifs, and the oiit- fide (only) was of glafs or fpecu- ' lar ftone, which the Poet might call ' vi- trum , glafs, for the perfpicuity of if. Yet Authors do make mention of a Sphear of glafs which Sapor King of ter- fa had, which was fo large, that he could enter within it, and fit in the mid ft of it, and fee the Sphears and Planets whirling, round about him 5 which did fweflbirri f 0 . with? Ci8J> with fuch a conceit, that in his Letters he did ufe this ftilc, Rex regum Sapor, Bar- ticeps S jderum, Frater Sells & Luna. We read of a filver Heaven fent by Fmim Ja-the Eraperour Ferdinand for a Present to kuim. S oilman the grand Signior, which was carried by twelve men with a book along with it that (hewed the ufe of it, and how to order and keep it in perpetual motion. Du Bart ns makes mention of both, and concludes his defcriptibn of them with this Rapture touching humane wit. O comp leaf Creature l who the Jtarry Sphears Canfi make to move> who ’hove the hea- venly Bears Extend1 ft thy power , who guide fi with thy hand 1 he days bright Chariot, and the hea- venly brand. Kercher doth highly extol and admire the Artificers of this latter age for ma- king Sphears and Globes, and fuch re- presentations ; who can snake them (faith he) with fuch exa&nefs and perfe&ion in all points, that Jupiter might have jufter caufe to complain of them, then he did of Archimedes ( in Claudian ) for their prefumptuous emulation ©f his handy- works. Among ( *9') Among the Moderns, one Cornelim •van Bubble a Dutchman of Alcmar^ may deferve juft admiration : This man lived here in England^ and was Regi J'-acobo & Muhmkis (as one faith] King ^ames his Engineer, he prefentea the King with a rare Inftrument of perpetual motion, without the means of Steel, Springs, or Weights 5 it was made in the form of a Globe, in the hollow whereof were Wheels of Brafs moving about, with two pointers on each fide thereof, to propor- tion and ftiew forth the times of dayes, moneths, and years, like a perpetual Al- manack 5 it did reprefent the motions of the heavens, the hours of Rifing and Set- ting of the Sun, with the Signs chat the Moon was in every 24 hours, and what degree the Sun was diftant from it 5 how many degrees the Sun and Moon are di- ftant from us day and night, what Signe of the Zodiack the Sun was in every mo* neth ; it had a circumference or ring which being hollow had water in ir, re- prefent in g the Sea, which did rife and fal, as doth the flood, twice in 24 hours, ac- cording to the courfe of the Tides. This Be\aleel was fent for to the Emperour of Germany, who fent him a chain of gold i D 2 A (20) A rude Scheme of this Inftrument may be Pen upon paper in Mr The. Tims Phi- lofophical Dialogue, Dignus rex Arehi- medeijlo alter o\ Dignus Archimedes Ba~ tavus magno ille regey as Mur cell us Vrank- htim (another Dutchman)fpeaks of King zfames arsihis Engineer, in his Epiftlc to j Ernefius Burgravius. Of this Micro- cofme or Reprefe ntation of the World which we now mentioned, the excellent Grotius hath framed this Epigram fol- lowing. In orgamm mot us perpetui quod ell penes Maximum Britaania- eum Regem Jacobum. Perpetui met us in del a fata poteftas Abfy quiet e qulesjbfef lab ore labor , C ontiger ant caelo June cum Natura caducity Et folidis unum ncluit efle locum, Etgeminas partes Luna dijfefcuit orbe , In v arias damnans inferior a vices. Sed quod nunc Natura fuis e legibus exit Dans terris femper quod moveatur opus' Mira quidem res eft Jed non flova {maxime Regum) Hoc fen docuit mens tua pefie prius. Mens tua qua femper tr an quill a & torpida nunquamy Tr am.it e cenjlantt per fua regna meat. Ut Ut tua mens ergo motus ceele&is Imago : Mas kina (ic buelt mentis imago tua » Tranflated thus. The untired ftrength of never* sealing motion, A reftlefs reft a toyl-lefs operation. Heaven then had given it, when wife Na- ture did To frail & folid things one place forbid § And parting both, made the Moons Orb their bound. Damning to various change this lower ground. But now what Nature hath thofe Laws tranfgreft. Giving to eaith a work that ne’re will reft i Though'cis moft ftrange,yet (great King >tis not new 5 This Work was feen and found before in You, In You, whofe minde (though ft ill calm J never fleeps, But through your Realms one conftant motion keeps : As your minde (then) was Heavens type firft, fo this But the taught Anti-type of your mind ir, D 3 * One ? One fanellus Tuniantts a Citizen of Cremona, made brazen heavens in imita- tion of thofeof Archimedes , and far im- parting them for Arc, faith Gaffarellus in his book of Curio fines ; and Amhrofe Mennus in his defcription of Sp ain, Eras- mus had a golden Ring given him by one of the P inces of Germany, which being explicated, was a perfedf celeftial fphear, juft of that form we call the Armiliary fphear, as we read in his life. ^panelltts before mentioned did recre- ate the Emperour Char Is the fift (when he had refigned up his Empire, and reti- red to a Monaftique life in Spain) with ingenious and rare devices: Oftentimes when the cloth was taken away after din- ner, he brought upon the board little armed Figures of Hori’e and Foot, fomc beating Drums, other founding Trum- pets, and others of them charging one another with their Pikes. Somtimes he fent wooden Sparrows int6 the Empe- rours Din ng room, that would fly round about, and back again 5 fo that the Supe- riour of the Monaftery coming in by ac- cident, fufpe&ed him fur a Conjurer. He framed a Mill of Iron that turned it felf, of fuch fubtile work and fmalnds, that a ( 2 3 ) , a Monk could cafiiy hide it in his Reeve • yet would it daylie grinde fo much wheat as would abundantly fervc eight pertons for their days allowance. This was he who made the Water work, which by a new Miracle of Art, drew up the River Tagus to the top of the Mountain of T o- ledo. All this we have from Famianm Str adds excellent Hiftory of the Low Country Wars. CAR CAP. III. ’ATTOMATO-IlOlHTIKH', Of fundry »SM. achins r and en- 1. af(r£ fpritiis tnelufas & occulta cenfttum^ cmfitum , &c. zfulius Scaliger under- flood the feat full well fit feems ) for he profefleth the skill to make the like with a wet finger, as we fay. By the fame art did Regiomontanus make a wooden Eagle Exemt. to fly from Norimberg to meet the Em- c”rdL. perour on his way thither 5 and when it j 16. met him, it hovered over his head with aTonick motion, and then returned a- long With him the fame way that it came. The Iron Fly was the like device, made by the fame Regiomontanus , which springing from under his hand, would fly round about the room -with a hum- ming noife, and then return back under his hand again. Simon Stevinius a Dutchman, made a chariot to go with fails , which was as fwift.almpft as the wind that drove it ; for it would carry eight or nine- perfons from Scheveltng in Hollaed to Patten in two hours, which was the fpace of forty miles and upwards. Monfieur Peyrefc z learned Antiquary of France , made a journey to fee it, and was in it, and did life ever after to menti- on it with wonder, as Glajf'endns tells us in his Ide : It was made in fafhion of a boat with four wheels, two fails, and a flern. Hern. Grotius hath excellent Poems in commendation of that Invention, two of the concifeft I thought good to infcrc here, Incurrus veliferos. VtntivoUm Typhis deduxit in aqtiora na- vem i Jupiter in terras , xthereamtfe domum In terreftre folum virtus Stevinia, rum nec Typhv tuum fuerit.nec To vis iflttd opus. Aliud in eofdem. Haffenus immenfum Batavi percurrimus aquor^ Oceani nobis invia null* via eft. Mm. Here* Cittorum foboles con[umpfmus o- mnes $am nihil ell ultra, velifeatur humus, Tranflated Typhis to Sea the firft Ship brought, and f -fove To heaven, where Argo now a ftar doth move: But firft by Land in Ships Stevinius went: For that, nor nor Typhis did in- vent. Another (31 ) Another » The vaft Sea hitherto the Dutch have fay led Search’d < very Coaft, found each point, and prevailed ; The Ocean’s all made pervious by their hand, Now nothing more is left, they faylby land. We read that in China and the Xfland of the Philippines^ there are the like devi- ces, as B operas relates in Politia iduftri- um 5 and Hondim in his Map of China hath a type thereof * fo that now we fail on the land, and on the water, and under the water too $ and an ingenious Gen- tleman of this Nation talks of fay ling in the Ayr too (in a flying Coach) which he conceives to be feafibie, and promifes fome attempt that way. C aims Rhodiginns relates, that the M* gyptians had made fome Statues of their Gods, both to walk of themfelves, and alfo to utter fome words articulately : For thdr motion, it mu ft be afcribed to fome wheels and fprings within, like the contrivances of Daedalus his Statues, and Fulcans T ripodes : But tor their voice or fpeech, it muft be afcribed unto fome CaO Ayr forced up through fome pipes pla- ced in the Heads and mouth of chofe Sta- tues- So we muft conceive of the arti- ficial Lionsthat roared like the natural ones 5 and the artificial Birds that imita- ted the voices and tunes ot real Birds* which L uit- Pranctus faw at Conftantino- flt in the Emperours palace, when he was fent thither upon an Embaflie from Be- rengaritti King of the Lombards, Amo Dorn. 950. as the faid Luit- Prandtts re- lates in the fixth book of his Hiftory. Such was that Statue of Albert us magnus which fpake to Tho. Aquinas, and that brazen head ot Roger Bacon a Carmelite Frier of Oxford, and perhaps that Image that Sir Richard Baker faith was made by Necromancy in the time of Richard the fecond, and not long before the Parlia- ment that wrought Wonders, as Hifto* ries fpeak ; which Image uttered at an hour appointed thefe words ,The head pall be cut off, the head jhall be lift aloft . the feet pall be lift up above the head : Sir Richard Baker in the life of Rich, 2. Cornelius van Drebble that rare Artift we fpake of) made a kindc of an Organ that would make excellent Symphony of its felfj being placed in the open Ayr and clear C 33) clear Sum, wichouc any fingering of an Organift 5 which was ( as we conceive) by the means of Ayr inclofed, and the ftri&ures of the beams ratifying the fame 5 for in a fliady place it would ycild no Mufick but where the Sun- beams could play upon it, as we read of Mem- pons Statue that would make fome kinde of Harmony when the Sun did beat up- on it 5 whereof we fpeak more hereafter.' At Dantzick a City of Prufiin, M* Mo- rtf on, an ingenious traveller of this Nati- on, faw a Mill which (without help of hands) did Sawe boards* having an iron Wheel, which did not only drive the fawe8 but alfo did hook in, and turn the boards unto the Sawe. Drfobn Deo makes men- tion of the like which he had feen at ft Ague in his preface to Euclide 5 but whether the Mill moved by wind or wa- ter, they do not mention t We heard of the like device fet up in Kent here in England, and fome other places® Archimedes his Sphear was fome pneu* ftMticol Engine, that moved of it felf by means of fome inclofed Spirits , as ap- pears by that Verfe of Claudian in the description of it. Includes voriis famttUtur jpiritm A fir is „ E There BaptWa N Forta 1,8 . Mag. Mat ( 34-) There are certain *Aoltt Sclopi , or wind- muskets that Tome have devifed to fhoot bullets withal, without powder, or i any thing elfe , but wind compreft into the bore thereof, or inje&ed with a fpring (as boys ufetoihoot pellets with hlder- guns, by breathing air into them) which will ihoot with as great force as p wder. aALdi# />*/ called (30 xtine?, called the Bafacle at Thelnm in France, is GdkBtig^ Machm of more then common art, as Abraham G olnttz, (that fa w it) tells US ; It is a thing worth your feeing (faith heyfor there is not fuch another in all France : So is that at Dant\ick in Frufsta , which hath eighteen rooms, and brings a gold gulden oi profu every hour to the pub- lique Treafury, faith Mr Morifon in his Travels. At the Mint of Segovia in Spain,thetc is an Engine that moves by water fo arti- ficially made, that one part of it diftend- eth an Ingot of gold into that bredth and thickncfs as is require to make coyn of ; it delivereth the plate that it hath wrought unto another that printeth the figure of the coyn upon it , and from thence it is turned over to another that cuttethit (according to the print) in due fhape and weight ; and Iaftly,the fcveral pieces fall into a referve in another room, where the Officer (whofc charge it is) findeth treafure ready coyned, as a noble and learned Gentleman of this Nation in Sir K P- his T reatife of Bodies relates. The Italians make rare devices by the motions of water; In the Duke of Flo- rence his garden at Pratolino, is the pidure of (37). of Pdn fitting on a (tool with a wreathed pipe in his hand, and Syrinx beckning unto him to play on his pipe: Pan putting away his ftool and (landing up, plays on his pipe 5 this done, he looks on his Mi- ftris, as if he expected thanks from her, takes his ftool again, and (its down with a fad countenance. There is alfothe Statue of a Landrefs beating a buck, and turning the clothes up and down with her hand , and the battledor wherewith (he beats them in the water. There is the Statue of Fame, loudly founding her T rumpet $ The pi- dure of a l oad creeping to and fro, and a Dragon bowing down to drink water, and then vomiting it up, with divers o- ther knacks of wonder and delight, as Mr Mori(on relates. At Tybur or Tivoli near Rome, in the it Gardens of Hyppelitus d’ E fie Cardinal of Ftrrarai there are the pi&ures of fun- dry Birds on the tops of T rees, which by Hydraulic art and lecret conveyances of water through the trunks and branches of the Trees, are made to fing and clap their wings, but at the pi&ure of an Gwl appearing fuddenly out of a Bulh, they are all mute and (ilent, as Scbottm in his ! E 3 I cine- 1 inerary of Italy. It was the work of Claudius Callus as Pofevin informs in /. ij. of his Bibliotb.feleff. c. I- There are in fundry places of Italy and elfewhere, certain Organa Hydraulic a ,thae is, Organs that make good Mufick of themfelvcs, only by forcing the water up the pipes, and by the collifion of the Jkyr and Water therein : The lower part of the pipes are placed in the water (as Petrus Viciorius deferibes them,) which water being forced up with a ferue, or fuch device j doth infpire the pipes, as well as the wind that is made with a bel- lows. Among the water- works in the Duke of Florence his garden, there was an Hydraulic Organ that with the turn- ing of a cock would make fvvect harmo- ny, as Mr Morifm relates ^ the invention is ancient, for Ammianus Marcellinus makes mention of one /• 14. and Cl&udi- % an deferibes one thus in his Poem de con- fulatu Mallii Theodori. Et iytti magna Itvi detrudit murmur a taSiu Inmmeraa 'voces fegetts mederatus Aence Jntonat err anti digit 0, penitujfa tr.ibah Veclejftibor antes in car min a cone it at undos. Which (3 9) Which indention is by fome afcribed to Ctefibius, an ingenious Artift of Alexan- dria, by others to Archimedes of Syra- cafe , as Tertullian writes, of which he fpeaks thus, Speffia pot entif imam Archi- medis munificentiam (fciheet ) organum Hydraulicmn, tot membra , tot compagines , tot partes , tot itinera vecutn, tot compendia fonorum , tot commercia Nodar urn , tot acies tibiarum, & um moles er&nu In thofe Roman fpedtacles or publick (hews exhibited by the Roman Rmpe- rours, we read of divers rare devices,and artificial motions, fome whereof may not improperly be interred in this place. There were Amphitheaters both at Rome and Verona, and clfewhere, which were prodigious files, both for magnifi- cence of coft, and inventions of Arc 5 whole groves of great Trees (with green branches) were brought and planted up- on the fandv Ti.eater,and therein a thou- fand Eftridges, athourand wilde Boar? , and a thoufand Stags put in for the peo- ple to hunt, i his Forreft being removed, they would on a fudden overflow all with a deep Sea, fraught with Sea mon- fters, and ft range Fifties $ then might you fee a Fleet of tall Ships ready rigged and E 4 appointed (4<0 appointed, to represent a Sea-fight : then all the water was let out again, and Gla- diators or Fencers fight, where the Gal?* lies flood but even now s which things arc expreffed in verfe by Juvenal in hjs third Satyr thus: Jguoties nas defeendentis Arena Vidimus in partes, ruptatfc voragine terra EmerfiJJeferas & iifdem (apelatebrts Aurea cum C resec creverunt Arbttta libre * Nec felum nobis Sylvefiria cernere monfir a Contigit , t^quoreos ego cum cert antibus tirfis Spelt avi vitulos dr equorum nomine dignu Sed deforme pecus Tranflated by H. V, How oft have we beheld wilde Beafts appear From broken gulfs of earth, upon fomc part Of fand that did not fink ? How often there And thence did golden boughs ore faf- fron’d ftart? Nor only faw we monfters of the wood. Put 1 have feen Sea- Calves whom Bears withftood § And C40 And fuch a kindc of Bead as might be named A horfe? but in mod foul proportion framed. Somtimes they caufed a ftecp moun- tain to rife in the midft of the Amphi- theater, covered with fruitful Trees, with dreams and fountains of water gufhing out : fomtimes a tall Ship would float up and down of its fclf, which fplit- ting afundcr, would difgorgc five or fix hundred beads to be baited, then vaniih away : fomtimes odoriferous waters would fpout out to bedew the people, and refrefh them with the fccnt $ fome- times they would reprefent the Fable of Orpheus, and then the Trees mud move up and down, as the Poets fame they did when Orpheus played on his Harp. Reefer tint [copuli, mtrandafe fjlva cucurrit J2uale fuijfe nemus creditur Hefperidum E?, rarefaffitnem ebtimrei nm© ignordt , faith he, Tom> 2. Oed, sAEgyp, where you may finde more examples of pneumatical devices among the ^Egypti- ans in their Temples. GAP C 40 CAP. IV. TPAMM AT ISTIKH' ; O R, The aJrt and fiery of Writing 3 with the Injlru - merits thereunto belonging . A Mongall the Inventions and produ- ctions of humane Wit, there is none more admirable and more ufeful then Writing, by means whereof a man may coppy out & delineate his very thoughts and minde, and make that vifible which none can fee but he that made it ; where- by a man can utter his minde without o- pening his mouth, and iignifie his plea- sure at a thoufand miles diftance, and this j by the help of four and twenty letters, and fewer in forae places 5 by various joyning and combining of which letters, as alfo by the tranfpofing and moving of them ( 47) them to and fro, all words that are utter- able or imaginable may be framed 5 for the feveral combinations of tbefe Letters and different ways of joyning them, do amount fas cUvius the Jcfuite hath ta- ken the pains to compute and obferye) to 5 8 52616738497654000 ways 5 fo * all things that are in heaven or in earth, J*cr9 that are, or were, or (hall be, that can beHcef« »* either uttered or imagined, may be ex- preffed and fignified by the help of , this marvellous Alphabet, which maybe de- feribed within the compafs of a farthing. The chinois have 40000 letters at leaff, as Purchas and others tell us, which makes the language fo difficult, that a man cannot learn it in an age, which ren- ders-our Alphabet of 24 letters the more admirable. Though the vulgarity and common- nefs of this ait hath made it lefs efteemed and fet by, yet wife and confidents men that look upon things eruditis oculi* (as Cicero fpeaks)do much admire the Inven- tion. The Hebrews call it Bick-Duk^inven- turn fubtiU , a fubtile and ingenious In- vention : Greg. Bheelofajms , Bivimm Mir aculm} I.16, de Ref.c* 2, a Divine i ' miracle § (4s ; miracle $ Cicero {peaks of it with admi- ration, J£»is fonos vocis , qui infiniti •vi- iehantm paucis Utter Arum notis tcrmtns- *vit ? 1. 1 .Tufcul. The Indians admired f *f* l' it not a little, when they faw the Spaniards fitl. me“fcnd Letters to and fro, and maintain a kinde of a dumbe Commerce among themfelves by this way? they fancied that thefc Letters were fome Spirits that were th tlnternuncii or Interpreters between them. no. Rmii guifquis erat meruit fettii tranfeendere invenu met OS Mefprn £t fati nefeire m$dum 9 qui my flic a primus Senfa animi docuit magicis fignare figuris. &c. So a modern Poet fiigs in commendati- on it. For the firft Invention of Letters, the thmnicians carry moft voices. Fheenices primi ( Fama fi eredimus) aufi Manfuram rudibus vocem fignare figuris . Phoenicians, that (if Fame we dare be- lieve^ To Humane Speech firft Chara&ers did give. Among ( 49 ) Among the Phoenicians Cadmus had the honour oi this Invention 5 whence one calls letters 4>oimemp*1* Relays, and another, ingeRas Cadml fiuas , the black and fwarthy daughters of Cadmus :Bi\tJufon> the truth is, they did but borrow them from the Hebrews, as all Other Nations did 5 though perhaps by adding feme few, or varying and altering their form and character, they feem now to have different Alphabets, Herm. Hugo. T he Librarians of old, who lived by writing books which others had madr^ were very admirable in handling the pen as appears by ancient manuferipts, which are fo neatly and artificially done as if they were printed. Some of the latter age have been excellent sn this Miftery. One Francis Alumnus did write the Apo~ files Creed and the firft fourteen verfes of Sc :fobn\ Gofpel, in the compa'fs of a penny, and in full words, which he did in the prefence of the Emperour Charles the 5 th, and Pope Clement the 7th, as Ge- nehard relases in hits Chronologic, artel Sim. Maiolus out of him, who had alio in his own poffttfion fuch a miracle(as he calls it) or the very fame I believe, Noi dmi idem, miramlum [erfuamusi thefe are F ' his C 5°) his words in his aja Colloquy. Pliny hath a parallel example of one ('whom he doth not name) that wrote all the Iliad of Ho- mer in a piece of Parchment that was fo little, that it was conteined in a Nutfhel. Cicero and others mention the fame, though Laneelotti puts it among his Far- fallow, and reckons it for one of the po« pular errors of Pliny. I read of one Thcmas Smicker, a Dutchman, who being born without hands and arms,could write with his feet, and that elegantly ; he could alfo make his pen with his feet, and many other feats, which I findc cxpreffcd in thefe verfes. Mirafdes ! pedibus dextre facit omnia Thomas Cui natura Parens brachia nulla dedit, Nam ife bibit pedibus3pedibus fua Fercula ' fumit Veluit & hu libros praparat kis c ala- mos, fjhin & titter ulas pede tarn bene finger e novit Jrtificis fuperet grammata Duff a mam, Maximus Mdximm hoc Csefar ftupmt quondam Mmmiii-. jEmilianus * Donajfe [cribenti Urgus hone ft a dedit . The Duke of Saxony doth keep feme Copies of his Writing among his k^am, or Rarities, as F el. Plater us relates in his obfervations. There was a woman in this Kingdom of late years that could write with her feet, and do many other things to the wonder of the beholders, and went about the Kingdom. Befides the common way of Writing, there are fome mifteries and fecret ways, and that either by abbreviation, fetting a letter for a word, and a word for a fen- tence for brevity fake, as the Hebrews and Romans anciently ufed to do 5 or elfe by ufing different charaders from the common and vulgar ones, fuch as none can read or underftand but tie author or devifer of them, and fuch as “he is plea fed to impart the myfterie to, and give him a key to decipher and open the fecret by 5 which fort of charaders the Ancients ufed to call Furtivas not as y and Sift as , and Ziglas , and the Art it fell Ztgiography and Brachygraphy^ it is very ufefuifor two refpeds, . f 2 i,Fof . Mart. I.i4' Mmil. 1. 4- Jfiren. (52) i. For haftc and brevity. 3. For privacy and fecrccy. i. For brevity and expedition ; it if a good way to take a fpeech or a fermon,or any thing elfe that is dilated, as faft as ic is fpoken 5 hereby the Notaries hand will keep pace with the.fpeakers tongue, and out-ftripitto©; Currant verbalteet, tamenett velocior i/lts, Nondum lingua fitum^dextra peregit This is jeribere as Cicero | Ep, 13./. 5. ad Atticum. Dion aferibes the invention to Mec&nas , IIj®T©- T IVtL <7X£yf TitXof c^cvpi. He firft found (faith he) thefe Abbrevia- tures and compendious way at Writing for expeditions fake. Nicer it & fedix feriptor , cut litter urn verbum ef?, Sluitfe notis linguam fuperet , curfumfc lequentis , gxcipiat , longat nova per compendia voces. 2. This Ziglography is ufeful for fe-. crecy or privacy ad elufonem examine 5 for hereby a man may carry a letter open in his hand, and underhand never a word . . - > ----- - ----- 0f (53) of it 5 and they that make no Religion of opening letters, finde themfelves de- luded 5 which is of good ufe in time of war, and at other times againft paper- pyrats that lie in wait for fach poor boo- ties $h*od ad te de decern legatis [crip ft, par am trite Ilex tl credo , quia //«£ Qn^eim fcripferam, faith Cicero to his friend At- turn , who did not undcrftand all the letter that Cicero had written unto him, becaufc he had written part of it in cha- racters. Julius Cafar had found out fuch a de- vice for fecrecic, fic (Iruffo litter arum or- dine ut nullum verbum effici peffet, he did fo tumble, invert, and tranfpofe the Al- phabet in his writing, that no man could pick any fenfe out of it 5 and this he de- vifed when he began to think of the Ro- man Monarchy, and was by him ufed but to private and tryed friends that were his confederates, and privie to his De- fig ne. • ' An Appendix of the Injiruments of Writing. THe Inftruments of Writing are cither i. A [live ^ or z.Paffive. That is, cither the Inftrnments wherein we write, or wherewith we wrire. The inftruments wherein we write arc divers; as Stone, Brafs, Wax, Lead, Barks and Leaves of Trees, Paper and Parchment. The firft Writing that we read of was in ftone , God did write the Law in two Tables of Stone^ Exod. 19. which Sal- •vian calls Rupees paginas. Mofes wrote in Saphyr and Onix^ Exod . *8. 10. Saxo Grammaticus fpeaks, that the Danes did record the noble Adis of their Anceftors in verfe, which were cut in ftone, in /axis ae rupibw (as he faith) voluminum loco , , 'vaflas moles ampleff ebantur .codicum ufum jrundeU. a cautibus mutuantes . ApudSeldenum. -fo itifque The Sybils books were written in the ”Irminah ^eaves of T rees % the Indians of the weft mandat" do write in the leaves of the Plane tree, virg. j. which are as broad as any fheet of paper, Jana 1 and (55.) and four times as long, faith $of Acofta \ cap. 21. So in Malabar, and other parts of the Levant , they write in the leaves of the Palm, as the Syracufians | did in an Olive leaf $ from which man- ner of Writing the pages of books are termed to this diy folios or leaves. The ancients ufed alfo to write in fhcers of lead ; this is intimated by ffob, o that \ my words were graven with an Iron pen, arid lead in the rock for ever , tfob 10.23. T he Poems of Beftod call’d were found in Bmotia written in plates of lead, faith Paufanias in Bceoiicis . There was a common manner of writing alfo in thin rindes of trees growing under the upper bark, which is called by the La- tines Liber, or Caudex & Codex. Udo% docent inolejcere libra, Virg. Georg. 1. 2. Whence books are called Libri and Codices • for liber properly is interior tu- nica cortscis qua ligno cohreret in qua anti' qui [cribebant , as iftodor defines it. The Indians of the Eaft ufed fucha kirde of writing, as Curd us mentions /. 8 libri Arborum tenet i,hmd [ecus qudm Cera Jit- ter arum not as capiunt 1 lhey wrote alfo in the Ieavs of certain reeds, which ifaiah F 4 called (50 aAkdpapyr-reeds, if a. 19. 7. growing in the marifhes of Egypt, which reed or (edge is called Biblus or Byblos , fo Lucan, Nondum flumineas Memphis contexere hiblos Never at— — . Which the Tranilator doth englifh papyr. The River yet had not mihpapjr ferv’d ifigyph The. May. * From which term or name of Bibbos , books are by the Grecians called Bihloi and btb'lia dimunitively 5 and that book of books the Bible 5 becatde books were uluaily made of this kinde of reed or fedge * and the manner was thus 5 they divided ihefe leaves into thin flakes called Fhylii & into which they naturally divide themfclves , then laying them on a fmooth table, and mo ftning them with the water of Nilas (which is of a gluti- nous nature) they placed onecrofs under the other, like a woof and warp in a wea- vers loom, & then having prefled them, they fet them to dry in the Sun, as Fliny relates in /. 13. of his Natural Hiftory. The Roman Laws called the Laws of the 12 Tables, were written in leaves, or tables of brafs. Smal boards or tables of wood waxed over, were in frequent ufe among the later Ro» mans to write in, which were called Cerd pugillares in fundry Authors, and Cerats tabula or tabelU , whence Letter-carriers were called Tabellarii. Thefe were the Writing tables that Zachariat called for Luke i. 3 6. Write thefe things upon a table : l [a, 3 o. 8. 13? Septuapmy box tables. Thefe boards were iomtimes made of Box and Cedar* wood, whence that of the Poet Perfius, — Cedro digna loculus He fpake things worthy to be written la Cedar, and worthy of immortality. Eumenes King of Pergamus devifed a way to drefs the skins of beads, and to make them fit for writing, as Vellam & Parch- ment. This latter is called Pergamum , from the Town of Per gamut, where it was firft made.But the modern invention of paper furpafletb all in this kinde. My Lord Bacon reckons it inter monodica art is among the Angularities of Art, as being a Angular and excellent invention 5 adeo ut inter materias artifi dales vix invent a~ tur fimile aliquid ,’ faith he, it is a web or piece of cloth that is made without a Loom, Sc without fpinning or weaving, as a modern Poet is pleafed to defcribe it, •. Dadque (5«) Deniifo compatfa eft nulto fuhtemine tela\ Exuperans candor e nives , imitate metefla, &c. It derives its pedigree from the dung- hill, being made of rags, and things caft out of doors as ufelefs $ we do not go to the expence of making it of Cotton- wool, as the Mexicans do, but of nafty clouts 5 Magnarum u/que adeo for dent pri- mordia rerum ; of fo mean a birth and original is this commodity, buma- nitas vita dr memoria maxim'e con ft at , imo qua hominum immertalitas^ as Plin. lib. 1 3. cap. n. which Grotius defcrlbes thus: Nunc aurata comas , dr ftcco pumice Uvis Charta , fenis fcabrt fafeia nuper eram. In fome parts of the Eaft they make paper of filk, as was to be feen in Ferdi- nand imperatm his Cabinet of Rarities. Now fpeak we of the a&ivc inftru- ments, or thofe wherewith we write : The two Tables of the Law were writ- ten with a miraculous pen, to wit, Gods own finger : for writing in brafs or lead they had certain Graving tools that were hollow, called by the Latines c&lum and (5?) edits ^ from the hollownefs thereof. In XMtid waxen tables they wrote with pointed^***' bodkins of iron, (feel, or brafs called fty- lus$ this was (harp at one end for to make impreffion in that wax 5 but it was flat ana broad, and fomwhat hooked at the other end, for to fcrape or blot out the letter if need were. Men write in glafs with pointed Diamonds, which yeild to be cut by nothing elfe, except the Smiris or Emeril. In ancient paper made of feggs, they wrote with a reed called calamus fertpto- rlus & arttnddy which kindc of reed grew much about Memphis and Cnidos^ and the banks of Nile, Dat Chartis habiles edamos MemphithdM»iXt%. tellttS' Eyigni%. In parchment and the modern paper, they write with a pen or quil pluckt from the wing of fome Fowl, called by Attfo* jiitts Fippes, from the flit that is made in it for to let down Ink, which is a very ufcful invention,and commended by an ingenious Mufe of the Low Countries. Fr Merit os reddit$ prafentes prerogat Battens in annos s Penm‘ Invidiamfa (6°) Invidimcfeferi temper is una domat : Abfenti loquitur, Udit rofirata juvattjfe $ Dumfe alt is vita, fcener at ,ip fa caret, paft years it refcues, makes the prefent fpread To ages, and times envy ftriketh dead, Inftru&s the abfent, hurts and helps at need, And wanting life, makes others live indeed. Opmerius makes mention of the three laft in his Chronicle, In pugillares feri- bebant fiylis ferrets, inpapyros autem arun- dineis caUmis & poflmodum etiam avium pennis 5 fohe. Some write with coals, but the verfe tells you who they are, Stultorum calami carbones , m cent a charts. .'|8wg The Cutlers of Damafcus write in iron fteel, and brafs, with corroding waters only, wherewith they make frets of cu- rious figures and chara&ers in fundry colours j as.may be feen on Turkilh Sci- miters , and thofe Gladit Damafcinati , Swords made at that City of Damafcus , beautified with Damask work and Em- broidery. (<50 broidery. It lafts long, for with one pen did Dr HoBm& a Phyfman of Coventry^ a learned and induftrious man, write out that great Volume of Pliny , tranfiated into Englifh by himfelf, which (for a me- morial) a Lady preferved, and bellowed a filvfcr cafe upon it. The Queen of Hun- gary in the year 1540 had a filver pen be- llowed upon her, which had this Infcri- ption on it, Puhlii Ovidii Calamus . Found under the ruines of fotne Monu- ment in that Country, as Mr Sands in the life of Ovid (prefixt to his Metamorphofn') relates. ! ' 1 ' i CAP, (62) CAP. V. TYOOrPA^IKH' O F 'Printings and Printing - Tre(fes. s . / | %Bis is a divine benefit afforded to remm. j, X mankind, faith Poly dor Virgil 5 an Art that is fccond or inferiour to none, (faith Cardan)tkher for wit or ufefulnefs: it puts down hand- writing for neatnefs and expedition $ for by this, more work is difpatched in one day, then many Li- brarians or book- writers could do in a year. nulla fat is mirabitur at as KmS in* jirs qki0 ddapfa viris * confumere nata fpm. Matertem , veloxque omnes tranjcrtbere librofy Cm fofttis quadrat a Acic {miro or dint) hnis* This • • C* 3J> Tfyis Art by multiplying books, hath multiplycd knowledge, and hath brought to our cognizance both perfons and acti- ons remote from us, and long before our time, which otherwise had perilhed in ob- livion, and never come to our ears. To whom we owe this Invention, we do not certainly know, it is one of the Invent* Adeflota, of the mafterlefs In- ventions. £aus veterumeli meruijfe omnispruo* niafam Et JJwvijfe fimnl — — Ancient Worthies were more ftudious of doing good then ambitious of Fame or praife lor fo doing. That itisa Dutch invention is agreed upon by mod voices. 0 Germanic* muneris repertrix ^uo nihil utilius dedit vetnfias, Ltbros feribere qu# dices premendoe But whether higher or lower Germany (hall have the honour of it, is yet in ftrife and undecided ; and in the upper Ger- many, whether Mentz^ or Bafil, or Straf- burg 5 for all thefe do chalenge ir, and do nolefs contend for the birth place of this miftery, then the Grecians Cities did for the Cradle of Homer . The general voice is for Ment and one John Gnttemherg or (<4J> Fuji Its others term him) a Knight and Citizen of that City to have been the true Father or Inventor of this Arr, about the year 1440. as we have heard it boldly affirmed by the Citizens of that City, faith Poljdor,l. 2. de Invent. reruw, c. 7. for a teftimony hereof they produce a copie of Fully s offices printed in parch* ment ^ and preferved in the Library of Ausburg , bearing this memorandum at the latter end of it , Prafens M. Tullii opus clariflimum Jo. Fuft Moguntinus Ci- vic , non Atr ament 0 plumali Cdnna, nefy area, fed arte quadam per pulchra wants Petri Gerskeim/>»m mei fceliciter effect, finitum Anno 1440.^4° menfe Feb. This is cited by Salmuth in his Annotations on Pancirollus , who ftands ftifly for Germa- ny (his own Country) in this point, and cites another argument from the Library of Franc fort , wherein an old copie of the decifions of the Pol a are kept •, at the latter end thereof it is fa id, that it was printed in Civ'tt^e Moguntia , artis im - pr effort a inventrice & elmatriceprimk , But Hadrianus Junius a very learned man of the Low Countries, is as ftiff on the other fide for Haerlem , and thinks to carry it clearly from the High Dutch, and t (65) and make the Town of Hmlem the birth place of this Noble Art : You may fee what efteem men do make of ir, when they do fo zealoufly drive and contend for the original Invention of it. 1 his $unim tells us (in his Hiltory of the Ne- therlands > that one Laurence tfohn, a Burger of good Note and Quality of Has lem^ was the firft Inventer of it, and faith that he made Letters firft of the barks of Trees, which being fee and ranked in order, and chpt with their heels upward upon paper, he made the firft effay and experiment of this Art : At firft he made but a line or two, then whole pages, and then books,but printed on one fide only. Which rudiments of the Art Junius faw in that Town. After this the faid Lawrence made T ypes or characters of T in,and brought the Art to further perfection day lie : but one fehn Fauftus ( infauftus to him ) ! whom he had employed for a Compoft- ! tor, and who had now learn’d the myfte- ; ry, ftole away by night ail the Letters and other Utenfils belonging to the Trade, and went away with, them fd Amfterdam firft , thence to Gotten^ and laftl-y to Meniz>% where he fet up for him- ] G ftifj felf,and the firft fruit and fpccimen of his Prefs there, was the Dottriml of one Alexander Gatius^which he printed Anno Dom, 1440. Thus far Junius fr m the relationsof lundry grave ancient Burgo- ©aftersof Haerlem. Hegemtz, a Travel- ler laith,thatthe houfe of Lawrence $ohn is yet (landing in the Market place of MurXem^ with this Infcription in golden Letters over the door. Memorise facrura. Typography Ars Artium Conjervatrix , hie prmmm invent a^ circa An . 1440; Fana quid Archkypos & Praia (Mogun- tia )jaffas i Marlemi Archetypes prdatfe nota feias , Mxtttlit hie mmjtrante Deo Laurentius Artem Diflimuiare virnm hnne , difimulare Deum tfi» So Petrus Scriverius, who calls it /><*/- Udi a m prajidium & tutelam Mu/arum, & cmnts Dottrin#. ^fofeph Seaiiger contends that the firft Printing was upon wooden Tables, the Letters being cut or carved In them, afcd he faith, chat he had feel Horologium Beat* Mari* (to wit,) our La- dies hours done upon Parchment after fuch a manner, in his anfwer again ft. Shot- eppus3 called C&nfutatio FabuU Burdo - man a* Y et let not the Germans or any others be too proud of this Invention, for the Chinois had fuch an art long before the Europeans faw or heard any thing of it, as it is affirmed by Par us Majfeus^nd fundry others of his fellow- Jefuites that have travelled that Country. One Nicol. Trigault that had been of late years in that Country affirms, that that Nation had this art above yoo years fince. But their Printing and ours do very much differ from one another, for they do not print by compofing of Letters, but as we ufe for Maps and fuch pieces, they make for every leaf aboard or table with cha- racters on both fidess which is more lab borious, and lefs neat then the Europeais yyay,as Gonfd'vo Mendoza a Spaniffi Frier and others do affirm of if. Now if ouc Printing furpafs for neatnefs and expedt- Eton, and is fo far different from that of the Chinois as is before alledged, it is a figne that the Germans did not borrow from them this art % fo that the praife ami 'G *. J com'/ (68) commendation of this Invention remains to them whole and entire without dimi- nution, M rs $oan E li\abeth Wetton^ one of the Mules of England, hath compofed a La- tine Poem (among fundry others of her compofitions) in the praife of this art, which is indeed the prefer ver of all other arts* AS Printing it feif is praife worthy, folome Print- houfes deferve here to be remembred,efpecial]y that of Cbri- fiepher Plant in at Antwerp , which a T ra- veller doth not flick to call Oflavum or bis miracuium , the eighth wonder of the world. He describes it thus. Over the Gate is Plantine’s own Statue, made of Frecze-ftone, and of Moret his Son in Law, and Succeffor in the Office, and alfo of fjfitffus Lipfms with his Motto, Moribus Antiqnis, Here are twelve Preffcs, and near upon an hundred forts of Chara&ers : two forts of Syriac, ten of Hebrew, nine of Greek, forty feven of Latine, and the reft of feveral other Languages > with Muftcalchafa&ers of fundry forts, and admirable admirable brafs cuts for Frontifpieces of books. Here that excellent work called the King of Spains Bible was done. The firft Printing Prefs in England was fee up in Weftmhfler Abby by Simon Iflip Anno 147-1, and William Caxton was the fir ft that praiftifed it there, as Mom in his Survey of London affirms. *1 GAP — 1 ( 7°) CAP. VI. r P A 4> I K H' ? O R, The aArt of Limning and Painting, Of ArcW-'p Aiming comes near an Artificial Mi - tenure. A rack, faith Sir Henry Wotton , to « mbramm ma^c divers diftin& eminences appear lumi - upon a Flat by force of ftiaddows , and mm da- yCt the (haddovrs themfelves not to ap- tmtine. p«ar, is the uttermoft value and ver- kum pa. rue of a Painter, faith that Learned ^ Knight* —miror frdia rubric a pci a aut Car bene velut ft Me vera fugnent>ferianti vitentfa ms'ventes Arm a viri This is a lawful! diffemhling or coun- terfeiting of natural things ; it is a witty and .(70. and fubtilc Art, it gives life (in a manner) to the dead 5 by this wee fee thofe that have lived many ages before us in their true and proper colours, andreade not oneiy the fhape and ftature or their Bo- dies but their Attire, Habiliments and Faihions, which no relation of Hiftory canfo well reprefentuntous or inform us of. By this wee fee our abfent Friends, and call to minde what is farr out of fight. By this Apelles chewed to King Ptolomy the lcrvant that brought him to the Kings Dining-Chamber, by dra wing his pi&ure on a wall w4 a coal, when hee could not finde his perfon. By this, antient Hiftorics are atfted ( in a dumb (hew before us, and every real be- comes a bock 5 wherein the moft igno- rant man canreade fomething, and un- der ft and by the pencil what he cannot by the pen. Sc Gregory fpoke right enough in this :quod legentibus Scripturafh&c ldi - otis pi&ura prajlat cernentibus 5 quia in ip fa etiam ignor antes vident , quod fequide - beant, in ip fa legunt qui Utter as nefeiunt . And becaule the eye is a better infor- mer than the ear, and conveighs things more effe&ually to the minde, and im- prints them deeper 5 therefore feme vi- G 4 fiblc (jO fible Reprefentations are as ufefull for our inftrudion asthofe things that wee take in at the ear. Upon this confidera* tion, that excellent Emblem of Mortali- ty called Chorea Mortuorum, or Deaths- dance , that was pourtrayed on the wall 0f a Church in the Town of Bafil in Germany being decayed with time, was ftinera*** ^^ught (by the *s£diHs or publique riZjfr Surveyors of that City) to be renewed 5 ut jfi vocalic piEtura divina monita fecu- rl audiunt^ muta [ahem Poefeos miferabi- li fpeitacnlo, ad feriam Philofophiam ex- citentur, as the new Inscription there fpeaks. This i(Vrt had but rude beginnings, as all other§ had 5 the jhaadom of men projeded upon the ground or the wall, gave it birth 5 whence p durcs are term- ed jhaddows , which very name betrayes their original. A Coal was at firft both the pencil and the colour, and a white wall was their ra61e and canvas. PiUorttm Calami carbones , mania Chart a. From one colour they rofe to ten 5 they have decern palmar ios color es, as Bui - \inger faith j ten colours of principal * note. note, befidei others. Painters {of old ) were defired to fct a name on every thing they drew, that men might know what they meant. Thus it was, when this Art was yet tJ9 OJT&fyLvQtt {as nsElian (peaks)" in its fwathes and cradle. At firft they pour- trayed but the bare Lineaments and na- tural Reprefentations of things in one folemn pofture and fcheme called (/.OVO- ze,eStA/la9 and Ariftides the Theban was the firft, qul ammum pinxit & (enfus, faith 'Pliny $ that added the E thick part of Painting, and expreffed the paffions with his pencil ? that made his mute ca- bles to laugh or weep, fmile or frown, as the drift of his fancie fuggcfted unto him. Apelles brought this Art to perfection, as the fame Pliny affirms? for heefur- pafied omnes priiis genitos , futurofque p&Bea, as hee faith ? all that went before him or ever ffiould come after him. He painted things that could not be painted, as Lightening and Thunders, as Pliny re- lates of him, /. 3.*.ip, Paint «c a •voice (faith the Angel in Efdras, and call hack yefterday ? intimating both to be impoffiblc. His Matter -piece was the pi&urc (74) picture of Venus rifing out of the Sea, and wringing the water out of her di- sheveled hair. This was called ’a t&Mrn iraPvopirn^ whereof Ovid makes mention, 1,4, de Ponte. Ut Venue artificU labor eft & Gloria Coi, i/Equoreo madid as qua p remit imbre comas. When this A pedes came to Rhodes , where Protogenes (another famous Pain- ter) lived, he went to his houfc, and not finding him within, he drew with a pen- cil a {freight line, very fmall and {lender, and lef t it as a challenge, and went his way. Protogenes coming home and find- ing this line, did guefs that Apelles had been there, and thereupon drew another line through the very midft of that line of Apelles with a different colour,which was (in effc&) an anfwec to the chal- lenge 1 Apelles returning again to Proto- genes his (hop, and finding a line moil artificially drawn through the midft of bis, took the pencil and drew a third line in a different colour, from the two former, nullum relinquens amplitts Jub- tilitati locum (faith my Author) leaving 00 (75) ito room for further arc or fubtilty, and fo was Vidor in this invention. However , Protogenei was efteemed nothing inferior to ApeSes, whom Petro- mm mentions 5 Proiogeuis Rudimenta cum ipfm nature veritate certantia9 not* [me quodam horrore tradavi , faith Fi- tronlm Arbiter. There is a pretty ftory in the fame Pliuy to this purpofej touching Zeuxes and Parrhafim , two famous Arcizans and M afters of the Pencil in their times: for Quintilian calls this Parrhafim the Legtfiator among the Painters, that is, one that gave Law to all others in this Art, Lc.iz. G. xo. Zeuxes for his Matter- piece hung forth a Table wherein he had drawn a Boy carrying Grapes in his hand, which were fo lively done, that the Biids flew to the Table to peck at the Grapes : But Parrhafim painted a Cur® tain upon a Tablet fo artificially, that Zeuxes thinking it had been a Curtain, indeed, ftretcht his hand to draw the Curtain afide, that he might fee the pi- cture which he thought to be behinde it; at which error he was fo abafhed,that he yielded the beft to Parrhafim , adding this ingenuous confefiion , That Zeuxes ( 7 6) bis piece had deceived buc filly Birds3 but that of Parr ha fuss deceived an Ar- tifi* The fame Zettxes painted an Old Woman fo lively and fo deformed, that he died with extream laughter at the fpe&acle and his own ridiculous fancy and conceit therein, as gnereetan reports in his J>iatat.PolykiJlt Pliny makes mention of fome Wo* men painters ; and of one Lala a Vir- gin of Cyz>icum} that drew her own pi- cture by a Glafs: and Mwntaiguc in his EfTaies fpeaks of a pi&ure which he had feen at Barlednc that Ren King of Sicily had made of himfelt and prefentcd to the French King Francis the Second. It is a pretty Art, that in a pleated paper, and table furrowed or indented, men make one pi&ure to reprefent feve- ral faces $ as one I have feen, that look- ing from one place or (landing, reprefen- ted Edward, the Sixth $ from another. Queen Elizabeth ; and from a third place, King fames. Another X read of, that being viewed from one place, did (hew the head of a Spaniard , and from another the head of an Afs. This was the conceit of a Frenchmen ( X (77) believe ) who can neither fpeak well nor think well of a Spaniard, One of the late Chancellors of France had in his cabinet a pi&ure w^ prefenced to the common beholder a multitude of little faces, which were the famous An- ccftors of that noble man 5 but if one did look on the faid pi&ure through a Perfaettive , there appeared onely the tingle pourtrai&ure of the ChanceHour himfelf: the Painter thereby intimating, that in him alone were contradfed all the vertues of his Progenitors. So the in- genious tranflator of P after Fide in his !£c Fan~ Epiftle Dedicatory relates. Painting in Oyle is a modern Inven- tion, which was wanting to the full com- plement and perfedion of this Art; lor hereby Colours are kept frelh and lively from fading, and pictures are made to bear againft the injuries of time, air, and age; when their Prototypes and originals cannot, notwuhtianding all the Fucuftes and decorations and Adulteries of Art among our Women- painters, who can never repair the decayes of nature with all their boxes and (hops of Minerals, The W The Art of Sculpture or Engraving in brafs ( which the French call dcuMe Douce) is near of kin to this art, and here- in to be preferred before it; for that when a pi&ure in this kinde is finiflied upon a table of Brafs or Copper, or the like mettal, a thoufand Copies may be taken of it (by the help of a Rolling- Frefs) in a few hours fpace,as in Printing, when one page of a leaf is fet and com- pofed, that one form will ferve to make a thoufand more by it,and that in a trice, whereas a pi&ure in colours is not fo foon copied our. But the higheft piece of perfe&ion in this art (in my judgement) arc thofe per- fpedive pieces which do reprefent Tem- ples, wherein the vulgar eye difeerns no* thing upon the Tablet but arched lines and fteps, degrees, or afeents; but with a Perfpedive glafs you may fee ( as it were)the infide of a Temple at ful length with the arched roofs above, & windows on each fide: Some Statues cad in brafs do ihew much wit and arti The brazen Cow of Myron is made famous by the Epigram of Aufonlus tranflated out of Greek, which was fo lively done, that Bulls paffing by thought to cover her $ as (79) the PoetCif he do not over-rcach)informs us, jBncttU fnm, ceeUgenitwisfaltA Myro-' nis ^£rea9 nec fMmme futo fed gem - dufonm tam ®pfg' 57‘ Sic me Taurus init, ficproxima hucuh Mugit Sic vitulm fit lens uberd nefir a petite Mir arts quod faHo gregemi G regie if [e Magifier Inter p&fientes me mrnerm filet » But the chiefeft of this art of Foun- mint. dery or Imagery was Lyfippus, who did e#-8* caft one Image of brafs fo rare and ex- quifite,that Artificers called it the Canon, shat is, the rule or ftandard from whence all Artifts mutt fetch their Draughts, Symmetries, and Proportions, as from the pattern and moll abfolute Matter- piece. Of late times the Italians and Germans do furpafs in thefe Arts, Michael Angel & Bttonarota of Florence, was both an Ar- chitect a Painter, and a Sculptor. Veras definger e formas , Ndtttram ipfedoces , vittam fnbigifqtte fateri : Dextra (8oJj D extra fed ingemo non infcelicior , & tt jiobilitant Calami sficut ccelo atfo colores So one of his countrymen writes of him. Alberts Dure rut of Norimberg was not inferiour to Apelles , as Wimphelingius tells us ; Van Dijk a Dutchman was very famous in London, and attained to very great wealth by his art; Paulus Rubens of Antwerp is vivum Europa miraculum 5 (if he be yet alive) as, an ingenious Tra- veller (lyles him, whofe Table of the Laft Judgement was valued at five thou- fand Florins ; Tabula eppidorum opidus empta ; fo Pliny of the Curiofities of his time* The Art of Painting in Glafs, which they call Annealings is very ingenious : when they have layed the colours upon the Glafs, they put the Glafs into dome hot Furnace for fifteen or twenty days to imbibe the colours : This art was known unto the Ancients, as Ru dinger is per- fwadedj and cites a Diftich of Martial for it j Non fumus audacis plebeia Torcumata njitn No fir a nec ardtnti gemma ferhttr C8i) But the Toet means no fuch matter there^ but he ipeaks of certain cups made of Chriftal, or fome fubtiler and finer fort of Glafs which cannot brook hot water, as common glafles can? but crack pre** fently when it is poured into them, as appears by his words in another Epigram which give light to this $ Nullum ft illicit ant hoc Flacce tdrreumatd fttrem Et nimium cdidis mn vltuntuf aquis. i. 12. Epig. 57. The Egyptians had a device of ma- king pidures in their fine Imnen cloth, which was thus 5 when they had drawn the colours upon the cloth, and thole pi- dures & fancies they thought fit, nothing would be feen upon the cloth until they had call it into a cauldron of boyling water? wherein certain herbs and juyces had been boiled , and having fokened them there, in a little while they drew them forth with perfect and lively pi- dures 5 fo Bulenger de Piffur4& Statu* arid , liht 1. r. 12. out of Plinj. To work pidures not only upon cloth but in cloth^ to inlay and incorporate H them 080 them (as it were) into the very fubftance and contexture of the Webb,and that fo lively , as the Pencil can fcarce mend them, as we have feen in Carpets and Chamber ^hangings, which is an art no lets fubtilc and ingenious then any of the reft. Ihefe are called Piffura textiles by T ully r.4. contra Kerrem, & bv Lucreti l. 2. By this Art we have Fountain$,Gar- dens,and Foneits in our chambers, R ofes that never fade, Flowers that look frefti all the year , alto Groves and Forrefts that are alwaies green, with all manner of Beaftsand Birds therein, with chales and Hounds fo lively reprefewed, that there wants nothing but noile and found to make up the Game , as Martiatt faid of the carved Fifties made by Phidias fo lively, that there wanted nothing but water to make them fwim. Artis Phidiacae tereum&clarum Pi fees Jjpicis ? addt aquas , natabunt • Phidias did thefe Fifties Limn, Add but water, they will iwim- The “Babylonians were the firft that taught this art, as Pelyctor Firgil acquaints us:Rut the Artificers 0* Arras in Flanders whence our rich Arias is fetcht, Sc called Arras- work, are not thought inferiour to (H) So any Nation in this Workmanlhip. t will conclude this chapter with Mofaick work, which tlje French call Marhuetrie, the Latines Mufaum, and Mufivum opus^ the Greeks A/dorjoroMs’s a work wrought with Hones of divers colours , mettais* matble, glafs, and all wrought into the form of knots, flowers, and other devi- ces, with that excellency of cunning,that they feem all one ftone, and rather the work of nature then art. The Ancients were not ignorant of this Art, fez Pliny lib. 36. Nat. Hip. cap. 2$. and more co^ pioufly in Bdenger^ de Piffi. L i4 c. S. The pidfure of Laoco and his twofons with the ferpents clafping about their middle, according to Virgil's defcripti- onin the iA of the tALneis, is now in the Popes Palace at Rome%znd is efteemed the moil abfolute piece of Art in the whole world3and which Mich. Angelo (one that could well judge of fuch things) did not flick to cal artts miract4htm,thc miracle of art, as Lauren*. Schrader us in l. 2. of the monuments of Italy. It is a piece of anti- quity, mentioned by Pliny 9 laboured by three Rhodian Sculptors, that were the excellenteft in their times, as the laid P/i- ny hath recorded* lit CAP * (84) CAP. VII. Y4> ANTIKH'.- or, The p,by Theophrafljhc Wool-bearing Tree, and /imply, the Tree ; whence Limrn Xylinnm in Tremtllim hisTranflatioh is ftiU rendred in the Englifh Bible fine linnen 5 fo that the fine linnen veftments of the Priefts were made of Bombafe , as the learned Salma ft us hath obfcrved in his fixercita- tions (93) \ I tions upon Solinusi fo that the wool- bearing Trees ki Ethiopia which Virgil fpeaks of, and the Eriopbon arbor es in Tbeopbraflus, arc not fuch trees as have a i certain wool or do wl u pon the outfide of them, as the mall- Cotton, but fhort trees that bear a ball upon the top, preg- ; nant with wool, which the Syrians call Cott, the Grecians Gojfypium, the Italians Rombagio, and We Bombafe. But I believe that fome part of their vefture was aifo of Flax, Mundifima linl ' feges indatui & amiffiui fanffifiimts esEgy- \ ptiorum Sacerdotibus ufurpatur , faith A- j puleita fa Apologia . Hadrianm ^«»wamoft learned man in his defeription of the Netherlands ,doth highly extol the fine linnen made by the foft hands of the Belgick Nuns in Holland and the Town of Cambray , called from thence Hollands and Cambricks ; qua- rum cum nive certat candor , cum Jindone t emit as, cum byffo pretium 5 fo he fpeaks of them, and calls them Regum & Regi- narum pracipuas delicias 5 the chiefeft delight of Kings and Queen'- . There is a certain Shell- fife in the Sea called pinna, that beats a ruoflre dowl or wool whereof cloth was fpun and made, . ' as (w) as TertullUn fpeaks m his book de paUle] Bt Arbufia nos ve/liunt,fjr de man vellera. Thefe arc his words; not only Trees af- ford wool, butalfothe Sea to clothe us withal ; this wool or mofs is fo foft and delicate, that it is nothing inferiour to filk faith Lacerda , and therefore he calls it Byftum marinum , Sea filk, in his notes upon Tertullian , though the true Byfius be loft, and alfo the Carbafus, whence Carbafina veftes , infomuch that great Clerks can fcarce tell us what they were, but that fine Stuffs were anciently made of them. One Ferdinand Imperatus, a Drugfter of Naples, a great ftorcr of exo- tique and domeftique Rarities, had fome of this Sea- filk both weaved and un wea- ved, and alfo the Shell- fiih that did bear it. Men have found a way not only ar- bor es Mere, fed & lapides , not only to fpin threads from Trees, as Tertulltan fpeaks of the Seres, but alfo from ftones.There is a ftone called Lapis Cariflius,md Lapis Cyprius, from the Countries that this ftone or mineral is found, to wit Cyprus as Strabo, and mount Carijlus in Attica , as Tralliantts and Diefcorides report % it is like Aliorn in colour, and being beaten with a Mallet, itihewslikea final’ hair, therefore C 95 J therefore called Imhltis , or the hayric ftone by fome Greek Authors,# Alumen Plumaceum , or downy Atom , by the Latimfts it is alio called for the refem- blance of it %vUlus Salamandra, Salaman- ders wool : This hairordowl is fpun into^^J^ thread, and weaved into cloth, and thews, cloth fo made hath this ftrange property, that being caft into the fire it will not burn, but if it be foul or ftained, comes forth more bright and clean out of the flames 5 it is therefore called alfo Amian* tm . ter din And Imfer&tm (before men- tioned; had a piece of this cloth much like white (Ilk. Of this hairy ftone fome made wiek for candles that would not confume or burn out : fuch a candle was made by Callimachus , and hung up in the Temple of Minerva at Athens ^ as Salma • (ins relates in his Pitman* exercitatnnesi There was a vegetable of this kindc,a fort of Flax called by the Grecians Asbe- fios and Asbeftiws, that had the like pro- perty with the mineral before mention’d, faith the fame S aim a fins t whereof Pliny makes mention in L 9. of his Hiftory, c. 1 and calls it Indian flax,and linum vivum , quick inconfumptible flax- Selims makes mention of fome fayls made in Crete of '(.90 this fluff, quainter ignes vulebant (as he faith) that would not take fire, if it hath - this property indeed, it is pity to put it to fuch vulgar ufe as to ferve for fayls, that would better ferve at our tables 5 for if men had table- clothes and napkins of this ftuff,they might prefer them before Dia- pers and Damasks , for it would fave fome coft & no fmall trouble in wafhing and drying fuch houlhold implements, ic is but throwing them into the fire, and they are prefently waflied and dryed at once. Pliny indeed efteemed it equivalent to pearl and precious ftone, for it was hard to be found, and difficult to be weaved, for the fhortnefs of it (as he fays) the bodies of Kings were ufed to be wrapt in thiskindeof cloth when they were to be burnt, that the afhes might bepreferved unmixt,for to be laid up in urns or pitch- ers, as the manner then was. Pliny faw fome Napkins of this fort in his time, and the experiment of their purifying demonftrated. One Podoc Attar a Cyprian Knight, and who wrote de rebus Gy priis in the year 15 66. had both flax and cloth of this fort with him at Venice , and one Thmas Percaccbius hath (97) Sten the fame in that Knights houfe, and many others with him, as he relates in his #ork concerning the Rites of Funerals, Ludovicus Fives alfo faw a Towel of that kinde at Lou nine in Brabant, as he relates in his Commentary upon S' Ju« git (line de C ivitate Dei , l, 2 1 . c, 6. Baptifia Porta faw the fame at Venice with a woman of Cyprus 5 and calls it Secret am optmum^perpulchrum, per utile % a very ufeful and profitable fecret, Nat* Magi a, /#4. c. 25. As (tones and trees have been fpun and weaved into cloth, fo fome mettals may be wrought to that ufe; dttalic garments ! were weav’d ail ol gold & thread, which fort of Vefturethe Italians call Vefie di Brocato dioro: Such a garment Mary the wife of the Emperour Homrius was bu- ried in 5 for her Marble Coffin being I digged up at Borne in the year 1544. where the foundation of SlPeters Church was laid, all her body was found con la- med fave the Teeth and a few bones, but her golden apparel was frelh ; oik of which (being melted) was ex>ra$ed 3^ pounds weight of par g >!d, as rand relates in the fir ft b (&um Metallicum. The t oude I '(&) the like kinde of garments, as appears by thefe verfes in Vtrg . xi. T um geminas vejles oftrcfc aurtfc ri- gentes Exiulit csEneas^quas Hit Uta laborum Ip fa frit quondam mantbus Stdonia Dido Fecerat , & tenui telas difcreverat auro. S' Hierom in one of his Epiftles, and and Paultts Diacmus do make mention of a fort of wool that was rained down in the year 1 1 1 o.in the Reign of Valentinian and Falensy which fell moft about Atre- batttm , or the Province of Artois in Flan- ders, which was fpun into doth, and did much enrich the Country thereabouts. The heavens rained down meat once for the people of Ifrael , now it rains i.tJePro- down clothing 5 as there was caelum efca- tile , as Salvian fpeaks of the admirable Manna , when men did ear Angels food, fo here was caelum textile , as I may fo term it; the sky affords both food and rayment I Some of this wool in memo- rial of the miracle, is preferved to this day in the chief Church of Arras ; to wit, & Maries Church there, De (99) . De Plumificiis. An Appendix of the Plumary Artl ' | N Florida , and other places of the \Wefi Indies , the Inhabitants make gar- ments of Feathers with marvellous Arc | and Curiofiry; as alfo rare and exqui- fitc pidures ; for in thofe Countries there are Birds of rare plumage, of very gay and gaudy colours, that have a glofs like iilk> and put down the pride of the Pea-/ cock 5 fomeareof orient green, and fome of excellent carnation and fcarlet, more efpecially in their Phenicopters , Parrots , and Tomincios. Their manner is to ft rip the Feathers from the Qulls with neat pincers, and then to joyn them together with pafte, mingling variety of colours in fuch a rare medley, that they make a very glo- rious drew. Ferd'tnando Cortes the Spa- niard found abundance of Jthefe curious works in the Palace of Mote&uma , the wealthy Emperor of the Mexicans ^ which were fuch and fo excellent , that none could make in filk> wax, or of needle- I a work * (ioo) work any things comparable to them; fo he fpeaks in his fecond narration 5 and in his third he adds this, that they were fo artificial and neat, that they cannot be delcribed in writing, or prefented to the imagination, except a man fees them. Cardinal Paleettus had the pl&ure oi S* Hierem kneeling before a Crucifix made of this Workmanship, which was fent him from Spaing tome Fryers that hadrefidedin thole Countries of Ame- rica, had ieam’d the Art (it feems) from the Natives. Thefe pictures are made fo accurately, that it would pofe a judicious eye to di- feern or diftinguiih them from thole that are made with ti e pcncil,or the art of the painter. This art was not unknown to the An- cients in this Hemifphere of the world : SfHierom makes mention oi eperis flu- mani , this plumary workmahlhip, in his Commentary upon Exod. 1. 26 . 1. and on chap. 39. of Exod, v. 29. Seneca, makes mention of it in his Ep. 90. Non avium flumain ufum veflis con- fer v ant ur> So alfo Julius Fermictts l. 3. Jfironom. c, 13. & Prudent, m Ha* Httne (ioi) Uunc videos lafcivas frapete curfu Venantem tunicas 5 avium qm§ verji- culorum Indumenta novis Texentem flumes tells. If this art be loft in the old world (as I indeed we can no where findc it on this | fide the Globe J it is preferved (it feems) in the new, and that in the higheft per- ! fefe harmonious fphears,doth naturally delight in Harmony : Antma in corpus defert mentor i am Mu jic f fonts t Nay, God made the body of man (wherein this mufical foul is to fo- journ) a kinde of a living Organ or Mufical instrument : Life is an harmo- nious Left on (as one faith,) which the foul C l03 ) pUyts upon the organs of the body. There is but one pipe to this Organ (to wit) the j Weafand ; the Lungs are the bellows to make winde,and to infpire this pipe 5 | yet with this one pipe (being varioufly | ftopt) we can exprefs a thoufand fofts ; of notes and tunes, and make moft ra- | vifhing mufick 5 for there is no Harmo- ny that isfo delightful! and pleafing to I man as njocal^ or the mufick of man’s voice. In imitation of this mufical pipe in ! the throat of man > men devifed to make mufick with a Syringe or Reed 5 which being bored with holes, and ftopt with the fingers, and infpired with mans breath, was made to yield various and delightfull founds. This was Pafioral Mufick or Shepherds Delight , and was the invention of Pan the God of Shep- herds, and of the Arcadian plains, in thofe golden dayes. Pan primus calamos cera conjun" gere plures Infiituit . Virg.Ecl.2. Whence the Poets have feigned \Pan to oviiu be in love wit a Syrinx , a Nymph of Metm.. 1 4 that that name, but fin the moral) in love with that Paftoral mufick of the Reed theninufe. Lucretius doth afcribe the firft hint of this Paftoral mufick to the whiftling of the winds among the reeds in' his 5th book. Et Zepbyrl cava per calamorum ftbila primum Agreftes docuere cavas inflare cicutas , Jnde minutat'tm dulcet didicere querelas , tibia quas fundit digitis pulfata Cane Mum, Avia per nemera ad fjlvas (altufn. repertay Per loca P after urn defertay atque etia Dia, By murmuring oi winde ihaken reeds, rude Swaincs Learnt firft of all to blow on hollow Canes, Then pipes of pieces framed, whence Mufick fprung played on by quavering fingers astheyfung, Pevis’d ( \‘i Devis’d in fliades and plains* where Aiepherds graze Their bleating Flocks with leafurc- crowned laycs. In imitation of the Reed, Tome have made tuneful! pipes of the fhank bone of a Crane, which is called Tibia 5 from whence the pipe is alfo called Tibia, or a Flute , and he that playes thereon Tibi- cen^zFlutmift, This was called Mann- los (as Plmy teftificth) that is, Angle or Ample MuAck, and therefore probably the firft 5 for men naturally do light upon Angle or Ample notions, before mixt or Compound, and begin with plain things before they proceed to Aner curi- oftties ; as plain fongs were before de- fcants and chr&matie-moods . There were Mufical Inftruments in the world before fans time, tfubal the fon of Lamech was pater omnium tra- ttantium citharam & organon , as the holy Spirit (peaks, Gen.q. 2 1 , pater ^ that is, in Hebrew fenfe, the Author and Inventor of the Harp and Organ, but what kinde of Inftruments thefe were, M&fes doth pot inform us. The ^Egyptian Mercury was the Arft ( «° Inventor of the Lyre or Harp. Horace calls him cur vat lyra partntem, The Invention was cafual, thus : Finding a Tortoife-fhell near the Nile-fide, to the which fome nerves or firings did hang, reaching from the one encUo the other 5 thefe firings having been dryed by the fun and well ft retched, and being acci- dentally touched with the fingers, gave a fhrill found or twang from the hollow of the fhcll 5 which gave him (being faga- cious) a hint of framing the Lyre, or (as others fay) the Lute. As da- Bart as (for one) who fpeaking of this Mercury and the Tortoife-fhell, fings thus, in his Handicrafts* And by this mould frames the melodious Lute, That makes woods hearken and * theftonesbe mute? The hills to dance, the heavens go retrograde. Lions be tame, and tempefts quickly vade. Indeed, the Lute doth much refcmble the Tortoife-fhell, and from that refem- blance (to7) blanCe it it called T eftudo, So in Property T ale facts carmen doBd tcftudinc* quale Cynthius Imfoftt is temper at Artft cults. What fome have invented, others have pcrfe&ed *. Terpander made a Lyre or Harp of feven firings which before had but three, anfwerable to thefe three principal notes of Treble , Mean , and Bafe, oblequitur numeris feptem diferi - mina vocum , Simonides added an eighth firing, and Timet hew a ninth,and holy David makes mention of a Decachord or ten- ft ringed Inftrumcnr. Many Inftruments have been inven- ted by K. David for to beufed in Gods fervice. But all forts of thefe vafa Can- tici, (as Amos calls them, Am.6. 5.) of thefe mufical Utenfils, are divided into sa. & 4 I may exprefs them in Englilh either Mouth- Injl ruments or hand- Inftruments ) founded either with the breath of the mouth or the touch of the c*°v the hand : Of the firft fort, are all Flutes* Pipes, Trumpets, Cornets, Sacbucs,^. Of the other fort, are the Lute, Harp, Organ, Pfaltery, Virginal, &c. All In- ftruments of Mufick were by the La- tines called Organa, Organs, But that which is more efpecially called by that name, makes a grave folemn Mufick like the fober Doric, and hath been very anciently ufed (with Pfalmodies) in Di- vine Service 5 the Inventor whereof was King David, as fome affirm. Since his time, men have proceeded to marvellous Curiofitiesbotn in Mufick and Mufical Inftruments; Not many years fince, there was a pair of Organs made in Italy that would found either Drum or Trumpet, or a full quire of men, as the Organifi pleafed 5 fo that men would think they heard boy es and men diftindb- ly fing their parts in Confort, as Lcandcr Alberti (an eye and ear- witnefs thereof) relates, in his defeription of Italy. A Neapolitan Artizan made a pair of Organs all of Alabafter ftonc, pipes, keyes and jacks, with a loud lufty found, which he aftrrward beftowea upon the Duke of Mantua, and which Leander Alberti faw in the faid Dukes Court, Court, as he relates in his defcription of Tbufcany, The fame Lewder fawa pair of Or- gans at Venice made all of Glafs, that made a delegable found. This is men- tioned alfo by Mr Mortfon in his Travels. Pope SjlveBer the Second made in hisGmJr younger years a pair of Organs tha taron.a ihould play without an Organift 5 he Ann- 997* ufed onely warm water to give them motion and found. Such Hydraulics are frequent in Italy, that are moved with cold water as well as hot. Gaudentius Merula in his 5th book de mirabilibus mundi makes mention of an Organ in the Church of S' Amfyrtfe in Mihain , whereof the pipes were fomc of wood, lome of brafs, and fomc of white Lead $ which being played upon did cx- prefs the found of Cornets, Flutes, Drums and Trumpets with admirable variety and concord. Many per fans can fing very well na- turally, but this natural Mufick may be improved by Art, when they are taught to fing by Rules and Notes, and to go- vern their voices by acquired habits 5 and fo there is an Art of Mufick , as ihere is artificial Logick bsfidcs the na- tural : ( tural : but becaufe thefe natural Singers are but few and fcarce, Apparent ran nantes in gurgite •uafio 5 therefore to fupply this defe&, fome have mufical Inftrumcnts for harmlefs plcafure and delight, to appeafe the cares of life, and for many other laudable and honeft ufes, which I ihall more largely handle in the enfuing Appendix of the Power and efficacy of Mufick. ' The Tower and Efficacy of Mufick. THe Poets may be thought too la- vish, and to flrcin themfelves be- yond Ela in praifing the efficacy and force of Mufick, when they extend it to things even without life and fenfe : when they fing of Orpheus , that trees and rocks and things without fenfe were fenfible of his powerfull Layes * that windes were filent and waters ftopt their courfes to liften to his raviftiing Numbers* Horace C 111 ) Is much upon this firing in feveral of his Odes t 5 and Claudian fings the fame note in the beginning of his fecond book de Raptu Proferpina, Vix audits# erat} vents fternuntur & und Pigrior aftrittis Torpuit Hebrus a- quis, Ardu a mdato defeendit popultts iEmo, Et comitem £ tier cum Pins# arnica trahit. Engliflied. No fooner heard , but Winds and Waves were laid 5 And headlong Hebrm (as if frozen J ftayd.* Th^ lofty Poplars left high Ernsts bare, The Pine came with the Oak to hear his ay r. So he fpeaks of that rare Muikian Orpheus, Virgil faith the like of- Silenus, when he fung Turn vero in mrnerum PsiunoJj^feraJ^ videres Ltsdcre^ V um rigidas motare cacumtna gvercus, Mr Randolph’s Mule is in the fame key incomendation of Mufick;who bccaufe . he he hath exprefted the power of Mufick to the height of Fancy, I thought good to infert his Rapture in this place. Mufick, thou £l*ten of Souls / get up and firing Thy powerful Lute, and fome fad Re- quiem fing 5 Till Rocks requite thy Eccho with a groan, And the dull Cliffs repeat the duller tone. Then on a fudden with a gentle hand, Run gently ©’re the Chords , and fo command v The Pine to dance , the Oak his roots forgo. The Holme, and aged Elme to foot it too, Myrtles (hail caper, lofty Cedars run And call the Courtly Palm to make up one ; ; Then in the midd’ft of all this jolly train. Strike a fad Note, and fix them T rees again. That Mufick hath any fuch power Or vet things inanimate I (hall fufptnd my faith s ! ( ”3) faith i but that it hath a great impreffion upon all things endued with fence, I fhall fvince by good proofs. This Regina fenfuttm, as (Pafiodor calls t. Queen Regent of our fenies, and fo- reraign Mtftris of our affedfions. Of all the creatures that God made* there is none that makes Mufick or Har- mony but Man and Birds ; but as among men all do not fing tuneably to delight the ear if they would never fo fain : So itnong Birds, all are not fit for the Quire or Cage ; There are but few forts among the infinite variety of them, that are Mu- ficai. Neverthelefs though all men can- not make Mufick 5 yet all are delighted with it; fo for birds and beafts , though all do not fing, yet are all affected with melody and flinging. But to come from the Thefis to the Hypothefis, I will defcend to fome par- ticular mftances, to fbevv the regency and power of Mufick over infenfible crea- tures. T he Roman Orator in his Oration pto Jrehia Poet a tells us, that Btftid tmanes Over the ■ K eAnt» XllO edntn fotBuntur, dr confo fount, that favage and innanc beads are f taken with Mu- fick, that they will turn back and hand ftill to iiften thereto. Henry Stephens Prafat. ad that learned man of Paris tcftifieth, that Hmd‘ he faw a Lyon in the City or London , qut Muficen audier dt gratia, epulas juas defere- nt ; that would torfake his meat to hear Mufick. Mulcentur Cevvi fi fluid P&foorali dr Cantu, fays Pliny , Deer are much ta- ken with the Mufick o\ the Pipe; Ele- phants with finging , and the lound of Tabrets, as Strabo ; and ;mong all bcafts ®/Eiun. there is none bui the Affe that is not dc- ^mii'io' ~ lighted with harmony, as the Pythago- reans affirm. Birds alio and Fowl are ge- nerally affe&ed with fweet founds and harmony 5 Martial, Non flolnm calamis , fed cantu f adit nr aies. And Fitfula dulse camt volucrem dum ded- pit An ceps, fays the grave Cato, I heard from Fal- coners that finging did much conduce to the cicurating of Hawks: Nay Mufick commands in all the Elements, and rules not only in the Ayr, but alfo in the Wa- ter among the Mutes j as that famous ("0 ftory of Arion and the Dolphin does te- flifici That ftory is recorded 6y He rode- tus , and Aul. Gellius , and many other grave Hiftorians, and it was briefly thus* Arion being at Sea, and failing towards his own Country of Lesbos , fome of his companions that were with him on (hip- board knowing that he had money about him, confpired to rob him, and then to throw him into the Sea 5 Arion being made acquainted with their purpofc, and having his Harp with him , defire, d fo much refpite that he might give them a leffon for a farewel, and then let them do their pleafure ; when he had ended his leffon, and (like the Swan) had fung his own Dirge and laft Notes (as he thought) in this world, he was thrown over- board 5 but it hapned that feme Dolphihs having gathered together a- bout the Ship to hear his ravilhing notes,' one of them (m requital of his Mufick) took Arion on his back, and wafted him fife to his own fhore,and there laid down his load. In memory whereof the pi® dure of the Dolphin was fet up near that fhore with a Greek Diftlch, which Fo* Imrrm tranflated into Lacine thus, K a Gernk %/En, 6. Spencers Fairy Q. (n<5) Cernis Am at or em qui vexit Ariona Dolphin : A Sicnlo fubitas ponder a grata mart. The ftory is touched by Ovid in his third book do Arte Amandi 5 £pMmvis mat us erati voclfaviffe puta * tur Pifcu3 Atioti.xfabula not a lyra. Nay, the irrefiftible power of Mufick rcachcth deeper then the Sea, even as far as helljicfvvays among the infernal fiends upon prefumpticn of his powerful drains § Orpheus went down among them to fetch his wife Euridice from thence, as Virgil fings of him. Aitjus at eft manes accerfere Conjugic Orpheus Threifci tjretus lyra , ftdibuffa canoris. On wh )m Mr Brown fpeaking of the commendation of Spencer , hath this re- flexion in his Paftorals, He fung th’ Heroick Knights of Faery land. In lines fo elegant, and of fuch com* mand, That had the Thracian play’d but half fo well, He had not left Enrtdice in Hell. In In the fecond place* for rational crea- tures, there’s nothing more evident and more commonly feen, than that all forts of people (more or Iefs) are affe&ed with harmony. And with moft men it hath fuch power over their fpirits, that it can mould them into any temper 5 to- nes an'imi habitus cant'ibm ' gubern&ntur (faith Macrob.) ut & ad helium progrejjus & receptni canatur : cant a dr excitant? dr ” 3 fedante virtutem It commands all our paflions as it lifts, either of anger or mildenefs, joy or forrow, according to the feveral ftretns and tunes it makes* as if there were fome ^hrdla. (as Arifto- Poiii,i.7i tie (peaks) fome imitations or ecchoi»gs} ‘ 5' f>me fee ret fympathy between the firings of the Heart and the Harp, or any other Inftrument that gives me- lode. To illuftrate this, 1 will give certain hiftorical inftances or examples of each kindc. v * ■ 1. Mufick ftirs up Anger and Cou- rage , efpecially that which they call Phrygian Mufic, which confifts of vio- lent and loud notes and fprighifuH rao- K 3 lions. ( ”8) tlons, and this is ufefull for the warrs 5 and therefore Drums, Trumpets and Cornets have been (anciently) ufed a- mong raoft nations to encourage the fouldiers in the field. Virgil fpeakingof Mifenus (ts£neas his Trumpeter) gives this chara&er of him. — — -guo non praftantior alter zAZre ciere vires, Martemfo accendere cantu. Tyrteus that brave Commander of Lacedamon made ufe of the Trumpet againft the Meflenfians, with whofe un- wonted found they were much terrified, as his own fouldiers were much anima- ted therewith, as they were alfo with his Songs and Poems, as Horace teftifies in his Art of Poetry . hos , inftgnis Homerus, Tyrteufque mares animos ad mania bell a Verfibus exacuit Horace , who had been a fouldicr for fotne years himfelf, fpeaks of his Bar- biton which he had ufed in the warr, and which V n h now m mcsmt uiMin after bis re fig up for i orntz PefwBitmfo hello Bar biton , hie paries habebit . 2. As it //>* up Anger, fo it doth al- lay and appeafe it, and conjures down that Tpirit which it raifeth up; Cantande males affeffus incantamm. Timothem the Mufician could both enrage and be- calm the Great Alexander at his pleafure, onely by the different ftrclns of his Mil- lie Clinias the Pythagorean when hee began to be heated with anger, would take his Lute to compofe his affe&ions § and Achilles (the great SouldierJ was wont to do the like,as wearinefs andirkfomnefs, and drooping from under its dayly cares, toil & labor. Horace calls his Lute Dulce labor urn le- r.imen , the gentle eafer of labour and * pains- (I25) pains taking. And Tamilian fayes* That Nature feems to have given this gift of Mufick to mahkinde for this ve- ry puipofe 5 and from hence it is that all forts of people ufe commonly to deceive the tedioufnefs of their day ly- task with with fome melodie. Parrhaftus the Pain- ter ufed to ling while he was at work. Cantu & medulatione fubmifta , laborem ants mitigare folebat$ fo %/Elian tells us, lib.$.cap>ii. The Husband- man lings or whittles at his work. Alta fub rupe cam frondator ad auras . And his good wife at her wheel at home makes fome notes aifo that fcrvc to pleafe her, if they pleafe no body elfe. Interea longum cant it ft lata laborem Arguto an] ax p ere unit peffine ttlas. And if men over- toy 1 themfelves and be tired out with labour, Mufick is very helpfull to recreate their fpirits, and to make them frefb and vigorous again : Mafic a eft medicina moleftia i Hitts qua per lab pres fufeipitur faith (the Patriarch (u6) if Philo (of hie) Ari/lotie.'} And Tully faitl of the Pythagoreans, chat after they hac been weary with incentive {Indies, thcii ufual manner was to folace themfelves in the evenings with Mufick, as hard ftu- dents in our Univerfities ufe to do now adayes. 2. As this heavenly gift expells wea- riness from our bodies/o it expells fome maladies too. The Old Greek Bard ( Ho- mer) faith, the Grecians did cure the plague with Mufick, in the firft book of his Iliads . The reafon of this cure is, becaufe Mufick chears up the fpirits and expells fadnefs, than which nothing is more fatal in a time of Mortality , or makes the body more obnoxious to the tyranny of difeafes. Cor port bus vires fabtrabit ipfe timor » Fear and fadnefs betrayeththe fuccouis that nature hath provided for her own defence, and doth expofe our bodies na- ked to the malignity of the air andin- vafion of any malady. Hereof you may finde more in the writings of Phyfici- ans, and particularly Langius in the 3d book of Mediemal Bptfiles tells us of Xenoerates , that he ufed to cure Phrcne- cick perfons with fongs and mufick $ and ( I37) of Theophraftus, who by his own expe- rience f ound chat the pains of the Sciatica is much affwaged by Mufic- They fay in France , that Mufick doth not cure the Tenth’ ach: but yet fome aches are cured by it ; toe Macrobiu y, to the other vertucs of Mufick, adds this. Corporis morbk medetur. But there are two difeafes that are proper (in a manner) to Germany and Italy which are cured by no other means than Mufick. 1 n Italy y they that are bit- ten with that venemous Spider called the Tarantula become Phrenetick , and the only way to dute them is to play upon Inftruments unto them 5 at the found whereof they fall a dancing, and beftir themfelves fo long untill they are quite tired and have fweated out the venom that was ftiot .n by that Infeft. In Ger- many alfo that ddeafe which they call Chorus Sci Vitl , or -S* Vitus fiis dance, is cured with Mufick. It is a kinde of a Phrenfie too, and when the Patients hear any Minftrel play, Jaltant ad laflt* tudinem fimul & famtatem9 as Shenhus faith 5 they dance prefently, and never give over till they are both tired and cured. k And thefe are fufficient proof* to fhew the (ia8J) the * power and efficacy of Mufick both over man and beaft, and in man both over his body and minde. The truth is, we may obferve, that joint a, Oratio} plain profe, without harmony or meter, hath a great fway over mens mindcs, it it be gracefully and pathetically delivered- The Orators among the Grecians had the power of fire and water, to enflame and to extinguiih , to make peace or warr $ fiich was Demofihenes in Athens * f — —fgum mrabdjitur Athena Torrentem&fleni moderanttm frana ~ s Theatri . That ruled and managed the people with his eloquent and voluble tongue, as a rider doth his horfe with the reins. Eloquence Isflexamina & y/njab, there is fome forcery and enchantment in a well- compofed Oration. Hierom. Sa- vanorola , that pious man and eloquent preacher of Florence , did manage that imeimj Common-wealth with his tongue. M. * Antoni us milites armatos facundid fua ex- armavit. Veil. Paterc.L2.cap.20. And when Ferdinand the Second befieged Fomet one Ugolin a Friar , by a Sermon “ x " ' " : he ( i a?) he inade at the Vatican, did move aJI his Audience to weep, and did fo enflame their courage withail , that they took arms unanimoufly to beat off the enemy from the walls 5 3nd they fallyed out with fo good fuccefsjthat they raifed the feige. If a plain Speech delivered with gravity gracefulnefs hath fuch force, how much more moving are words joy- ned with Harmony and Numbers i All the powers and venues of Mu- fick which we have here at large exem- plificd,are briefly comprifed by the No- ble Sain si in thefe following verfes. Sweet Muflck makes the flernefl men at arms Let fall at once their anger and their arms* Ic cheats fad fouls, and charms the frantick fits Of Lunancks that are bereft their wits. I: kills the flame and curbs the fond defire Of him that burns in Beauties bla- zing fire. It cureth Serpents bane full bite, whofc anguifli L . In In deadly torments makes them madly languish. The Swan is rapt, the Hinde de- ceiv’d withall, And Birds beguil’d with a melo- dious call. The Harp leads the Dolphin, and the bufie (warm Of buzzing Bees the tinckling brafs does charm. Ql what is it Mufick cannot do, Sith th’al infpiring fpirits it conquers too i And makes the fame down the Em- pyreal Pole Defcend to earth into a Prophets foul. Baptifta Porta doth aferibe the won- derfull effe&s of Mufick to the feveral forts of trees that the inftruments are made of, whether the Vine or the Elder, the Poplar, Laurel, or the like 5 which (faith he) have a fecret property to cure difeafet, more then the founds that are made by them : but he is miftaken here- in 5 for we know what power inartificial founds and bare words (without Mufick added) hgve over mens mindes and fpi- Cl 3‘0 rits. Scaliger argues the cafe thus': The Vibration or trembling of the air (cau- fed by vocal or inftrumcntal Mufick) doth move and sffidl the fpirits in mans body, which are tubule vapours of the blood andthe inftruments of the foul in all her operations 5 which fpirits affe& the foul as well as body, fo that apt concordant founds, carried in the curled air to the inward fpirits, caufe there a titillation or pleafurc, and fometimes o- ther aflPedions or paffions according to the ftreins of the Mufick, and according to the complexion of the hearer. The Ancient Sages (as Ariftotle re- ports) a firmed the Soul it felf to be Harmony or harmonioufly compofed 5 fo that there is a fort of affinity between it and Mufick, and every man is natural- ly delighted therewith ; fo he in the 8tl4 of his Politicks. Macrobim comech very near to this of the Philofopher 5 fare capitar Mufica omne quod vlvit (faith he ) quia cceleftis Animat qua animatur uni- verfitas, originem fumpfit ex Muftca^ That it is no wonder that every creature that hath a living foul is taken with Mu- fickjlincethe foul of the Univerfii whe re- La of (*32) of every particular foul is a part or par- ed) is made of Harmony. Pericles liber ts Athenarum cervicibus jugum inrpefuit Eloquentia 5 he held ca- ptive the tree born Athenians b v his E- loquencc ; Eamfy urbetn egit & verjavit arbitrio fleered and winded that people which way he lifted himfelf. V* MaxJ,8.c.9, Hegefias a Philofopherof the Cyre- natc fed did fo pathetically fet forth the evils and difeommodities of this life, that divdrs of his Auditors did take a re- folution to make themfelves away 5 fo that the Philofophcr was commanded by King ftolomy to fpend his Eloquence upbn fome other fubjed. Cie. 7 ufcuL Jgu 4rS • We ihall admire their bpldnefs the more, if we confider what Implements they had in the firft ages to fail in, and fome people at this time.Th t^Egyptiand ufed to make boats of Reeds and Bull- ruflbes, faith Pliny, L 13 Mat. Hi ft, and LticanJ.^.Pharf. $ j m % i .. §., .. '/ , j — —Sic cMm tenet omnia Niles ( >40 Conferitur bib u l a, Memphitica cymba papyri. Which kinde of boat or basket Mejes was put to fwim in , when Pharoah’s daughter took him up. The Prophet Efay makes mention of fuch Uteftfils, in that Periphrasis of Egypt t, Wo to the land fhaddowing with wings , that fends Emba(fa - dors by fea in Bulrufhes, l!a. 18.12 Pa - pyracjis navibus armament iffc NiH navi- ga nwS) Plin.Nat.Hifl, The Indians had the like boats, Indorum rates Scirpea^tifc Ctiam veftes^ Herodot.l. 1 . The Brittains of Old had their Naves Visiles y as Pliny calls them 5 the Irifh and the Natives call them Corraghesf&c fomc Cerracles-y they were little Vtfielsof wic- ker,covered wth leather^ not much big- ger than a basket ,with which they would as proudly be ft ride the Teas as $a[o» with his Argo . Lucan mentions and de- scribes them thus, /. 4. Primiim cava falixy made facie vimi - ne , parvam Texitnr in puppim 5 cafsfc induta ff-uvcnco Ve tier is pattens tumidum fnperenatat Amnem : Sic ( '+7.) Sic Venctus fagnante Pado j fefeifc Britannus Navigat Oceano : fit cum tenet omnia Nilus Con frit nr bibuh Memphitica cymbi papyro, Of twigg s and willow bor'd-. They made fmall boats, covered ,w$ bullocks hide^ In which they reacht the Rivers far- ther fide. So fail the Feneti , if Pad us flow: The Brittains fail on their calm ^ Ocean fo : So the Egyptians fail with wooven . boats „ . , . La“'of * Of papery rushes, m their Nilas Baskets or Boats de- feribed by Lucan, were ufed by $nlim Cxfar, to traniport his army over the river Sicgri? againft Petreitcs , and other rivers elfcwlrrtS and he had learnt the making of them fas it feems) from the Brittains , when hee was in this Ifland , as himfelf cdnfeffeth in his find book de Bell q Civilly Cujm generUy cum [uperioribus ufus Britt anni# doc tier it z and ire defer ibes them thus : carina primuni ac ft alumina ex le- vi materia fiebant, relifuum corpm navium viminihm ccnieMiri min inte^ebatnr. Loco citato. They have the like Vefitls bn the river to carry commodities to g,4- M i (*4«) . by Ion, and fo like to thefe Brittijh ones, that (according to Herodotus his defcri- ption of them ) a man would think that either the Brittains .borrowed the pattern from the Babylonians , or the Ba- bylonians from them : For Herodotus in Clio , that isjthe firft book of his Hiftory, faith, that they had boats made of ofter or Willows of an orbicular for, in faihion of a Buckler, without prow or poop, and covered over on the outfide with the hide of a bullock tann’d : In thefe, bc- fides other Countrey* commodities, they ufed to [carry Palm-wines (in tonns) to be fold at Babylon 5 two men with an oar a piece in their hands guiding the VefTel. Thefe Veffcls were fo light , that the owners ufed to carry them upon their backs to and from the water 5 the Mafter would carry his boat by land and the boat would carry it’s Mafter on the wa- ter : As the Arabian Fiiher-man ufeth to do with hisTortoife (hell, which is his Ih allop by fea and his houfe on the firm land, under which he deeps $ which we have expreffed in this Latinc Epigram. Use (h?) Hac ratis atque domus 5 nofira en compendia, vita J Hac habitat / oilers , hac mare fttl~ cat Arabs. Si tegit hac terris , hac vittnm qturit in undtsi Jpfa dmus dominum port at , & ipfe domtm . This I found exprefled (afterwards) by the excellent d»- Bart as, and his no lefs excellent interpreter Sylvefter, thus ; The Tyrian Merchant or the Por- tugese Can build one (hip of many trees § But of one Torcoife when he lift to float. The Arabian Fiflier-man can make a boat. And one fuch (hell him in the (lead doth Band, Of Hulk at fea, and of a Houfe by land. Much like thefe are thofe which the gyptians ufe (at this day) upon the Nile% M 3 which (le,°) which they took upon their back$ when they came to the Catara&s and fteep falls of that River. pe foUtiit Boterus calls them Naves Plicatiles, hib^nm> an<^ which they ufe in fome places of the "f'v Weft- Indies. For in the year i$op, wee reade that there were brought to Roan (even Indians in one fmall vcffcl or boat, which was fo light that one man could, lift it up with his hand, as the fame Bote- rus relates. In fome places of the Weft Indies they ft ill with Fagots made of Bulruflies, which they call Bal(as • having carried them upon their Ihoulders to the fe3,they caft them in, and then leap upon them, & then row into the main iea with fmall reeds on either fide, tbemfelves (landing upright like Tritons or Nep tunes 5 and on thefe Bal(as they carry their cords and nets to fifh with. $e(epb, AcoftaJ. ?.c. 15. Strabo failed to Egypt in a fmall thing like a Basket made ot wicker, as himfelf relates in the feventeenth of his Geogra- phy. The Indians have long boats cal- led Canons 1 neatly made up of one tree riiade hollow. In Greenland the Fiiher- mens boats are made like W eavers (buttles , covered outwardly with skins of (‘50 of Seals find fafhioned and {lengthened with the bones of the fame fiibes^which being fewcd together with many dou- bles, are fo ftrong, that in foul weather they will fkuc themfelves up in the fame fecure from the rocks, winde aud wea- ther. Purchas /. 8. of America . Thefe are about 20 foot long, and 2 foot and a half broad, and fo fvvift that no fliip is able to keep way with them 3 and fo light, that one man may'carry many, and they carry but one oar. I favv a fhip (faith a learned man, and one thatfpent 40 years in travels, and the onely man that I readeof that out- ftript Sr $obn Mandevilty who travelled but 3 5 years (as Balms delivers) laden with Arabian Merchandize, which was made up without Iron, but the plancks and ribs we res fewed with cords,and the futures covered with fweet fmeliing Ro- fine,whichcame from the Franckincenfc tree. The tacklings, fails, and every part of the fhip was made of one tree, which bears the Indian Nut. So Petrus Gellius in his defeription of the Thracian BoJ • '--—-The Indian Nut alone Is clothing , meat and trencher, drink and kaa. Boa?, cable, fail, and needle all in one. So that pious and Seraphic Poet NP Geer (re Herbert. At firft, one fmall tree did ferve to piake a boat, being made hollow : After this, men ftitchcd large plancks and boards together with Prows and Poops, fit to plow up the liquid plains; then they added Mafts and Sails, and gathered the winde in a ftieet, for to drive thofe Hulks pn their way. The Tyrians , who were fa- pious Navigators of old, are faid to be the firft that made fuch kinde of Vef- fels. Utque marts vaUum projpe filet turribus aquor, Trim a ratem vent is credere do - fit a Tyros. Ovid tells us, that $a[on King of The/* faly was the firft contriver of ftiips ; • primacy rat is meliter I a/on. And that his (hips name was Argo% where- . ■ - ’ with with he fetcht the Golden Fleece from Celebes , and which the Aftronomers afterwards have flellified or fixed as a Confteilation in heaven. Vetter a cum Minyis nitidd radiantia villOj Ter mare non nottim primd petiere carina . Ovid.Mctam.1,6. Lucan confirms the fame3 l.y» Inde lactfiitum prime marei cum rudis Argo Mifcuit ignotas temerato littore gentes. The Fiftr called Nautilus , or the Little Mariner, was Navigiorum Arche - typus, the firft type or pattern of a Ship 5 for when he is to fwim, he compofeth his body iand finns into the form of a Galley under fail : from the fight where- of, fome (as Pliny conceives) took the firft hint of framing a Ship. As from the fight of a Kite flying in the air and turning and fleering himfelf with his tayl (as fifties do in the watcr)fome have devifed the ftern of a ftiip, Natttra men - fir ante in code 5 quod ejfet opus in pro - fundo9 as Pliny /, 10. and Seneca alfo Suet, in Vita. Fmirol. de rebus mper in ventit, tii 38. i Vitruv, ( »54-) _ Epifi. pi. Nulla ars intra initium fuum fteterit: As there is no art but receives addition and perfection by degrees, fo hath this : Caligula made a fiately Galley of Cedar, with fpacious Halls, andcoft- ly rooms therein, with gardens alfoand trees (frelh and green) upon the Decks, like the Pen fill gardens of S emir amis ; fo that it feemed a floating garden, as well as a floating CajHe„ But Ptolemaus Philopa- ter outltript him far, who -built a Ship (faith my Author) that the like was ne- . ver feen before or fince 5 It was two hun- • dred eighty cubits in length, fifty two cubits in height from the bottome to the upper Decks 5 it had four hundred banks or feats of Rowers, four hundred Mari- ners, and four thousand Rowers, and on the Decks it could contain three thou- fand fouldiers 5 there were alfo Gardens and Orchards on the top of it, as Plutarch relates in the life of Demetrius. Thus what was invented at firft for neceflity, is nowimproved to Ryot and Luxury. The Ancients had a way to drive their Ihips without Oar or Sayl5 to that they could never be wind- bounds they had in their drips three wheels on each fide, with eight ( *55^ eight radii of a fpan long jetting out from every wheel ; fix Oxen within did turn this Machin and wheels, which calling the water backward, did move the (hip with incredible fpeed and force; they had in thefc (hips an inftrument called Gar- rum, which went with wheels in fafhion of a Dyal, which at the end of every hour did let fall a ftone into a Bafon, and fo divided the hours of the day. There have been Boats made here in England to go under water, which my Lord of Sl Albans feems to touch, Audi - mus invent am tfife Machinam aliquam Na- J ’ vicuU aut Scapba, qua jubter aquis vehere pofiit ad Ip at ia nonnuda : We are not now content to fail upon the waters, but we muft fail under them too. I know not whether Iuiius $c align was a braggard or no, but he doth confi- dently aver, that he could make a Chip that could fleer her felf as cafily as kite his hand (as we fay) Naviculam Jpmte fua mobtlem ac fut remigii authorem faciam nulh negotio ; and to frame a flying Dove like that of Arcbytas v el fact dime profited audeo , faith the fame great Scholar, Exer» 326. In a Naumachia or reprefentation of a Nava! O 50 Naval'fight in the time of Claudius Can far , a Triton (or Sea god) fprung up in the mid ft of the Lake, founding aloud with a filvcr Trumpet, Suet, in vlt. Clau - dll. Juvenal makes mention of earthen boats to fail with, ufed alfo in *s£gyp5 for fpeaking of the deadly feud and fighting between the Towns of Ombes and T entjra about their gods, he fpeaks thus. Sat. iy. Has fevit table imbelie & inutile vuU gus Tarvula fiffilibus folitum dare vela Phafelis , Jit hrevibus pi Ja remit incumbert tejla. An Appendix of the Mariners Card or Compafs. nrHough thefe flying Coaches on A Sea were brought to great pcrfc- ^ion many years fin ce, yet there was no fmalldeficience in the Art of Navigati- on before the ufe of the Compafs was found 057) j found out * which was invented firft here in Europe by lohn Goia , or Flavius Goia , as others call him? of the Town of A- malphi in Campania, in the Kingdom of Naples -■ Pr&»4 dedit Nautis ufttm Magnetic A- malphis Du Banos calls him Flavio in thefe words, We are not to Ceres fo much bound for bread. Neither to Bacchus for his clutters red § As Signior Flavio for thy witty tryal. For firft inventing of the Seaman's Dyal. Before this invention? Pilots were di- reded in their right voyages by certain ftars which they took notice of,efpecialIy the Pleiades , or Charles his Wain^nd the two ftars in the tayl of the Bear, called Helice and Cynofura, which are therefore called Load- ftars, or leading ftars 5 As Travellers in the Defarts of Arabia and thofe of Tartary were always guided by fome Star: L i LTheb. ( <58) fomc fixed ftars in the night time, to fleer their courfes in thofe pathlefs & uncouth ways, fo Seamen were directed by the like heavenly guides, in the pathlefs vvil- dcrnefs of waters, before this excellent invention was found out. Sidera Cuntta not At tacit o labentia Ccslo- So Virgil fpeaks of Palinuras , who was Shipmafter or chief Pilot and Steerfman to tineas 5 but if the sky chanced to be overcaft , and the ftars to be curtain’d with clouds, then the moft experienced Mariner was at a lofs, and muft caft An- chor prefently, and take up his reft. Cum rie% Temo Piger^ ncc amico Siderc monfirat Luna vias , medio ceeli pelagique tu- mult a St at rationis inops But the ingenious Amalphitdn hath de» vifed a remedy againft this grand incon- venience, and found a way that men might fteer a certain and infallible courfe in the darkeft nights, and this by the help ©£ a little ftone, called (f tom the ufe and benefit) ! (»5 9) ibcnefic) the Loadftone. This Loadftone lisnoWourLoadftar, and the Mariners ' Directory, This ftone (for the univerfai benefit and ufe of it) is the wonder of all ftones 5 as Rablais laid, that a Mil ftone was the mod precious ftone of any other, fo I may fay, that a Loadftone is compa- rable to all the gems and precious ftones : in the world 5 it is but obfeure and mean in fighr^ no fparkling luftre to be feen I in it. —Lapis efi cognomine M agues a kuia Decolor ) obfcurus? vilis^ See. Mtgnttt * ; Si tamen hie nigri videas miracula faxi Tunc fuperat pulchros cultus , & quic» quid Eoi Indus littoribus rubra ferutatur in Alga j This ftone hath two ft range proper- ties, the one of Attraction, the other of Direction 5 this property of Direction , (which chiefly concerns our prefent bufi- nefs) is, that being fee in a difh, and left to float freely upon the water, it will with one end point dire&ly to the North, and with the other to the South , and will give this faculty or property to a needle that is rubb'd or touched with it. From 4 ( i 6a) From thefe two faculties of Att raff Ida and Dire ff ion , many excellent, ufeful* and ingenious Inventions have bin found out, efpecially this Pyxis Nautica, or Ma- riners Card or Oompafs, which carries a needle touched with the Loadftone in the middle of it, with two and thirty Rumbs or lines drawn roundabout it 5 according to the number of the Cardinal and Collateral Winds. Now this ani- mated needle (hews with the Lilly-hand (or point) the North in any part of the world, which is a great help to the Pilot to dircft him to what point of the Com- pafs to fleer his courfe. This Pyx or Card is no lefs ufeful by Land then it is by Sea 3 fo that they that travel through Defarts, as the Caravans do to Mecba and Medina, and other pla- ces, do now make good ufe of this de- vice, whereas heretofore fome ftar was their beft guide by night. J3/wj/fpeaksof the Inhabitants of Ta« frebanaijxovj called Sumatra) that becaufe they do not fee the Pole- Bar to fayl by, they carry with them certain birds to fea, which they do often let fly 5 and as thefe birds by natural inftindfc fly always to- wards the land, fo the Mariners direct their courfe after them,' In C *61 ) In Syria, and fome Countries of the Eaft that are covered with fand, fo that I there is no trad or path to guide the Tra- veller,and thofe fands are alfo fcortching hors thatthey cannot be endured by day, they travel by night,and by the dirediont I of certain ftars, which they ufe as certain way-marks to fleer their courfe by : As Mor I fade in Phils fop hia Syriaca. So alfo in the Country of the Hadrians, as Cur- \ tins relates •• Navigantium modo Siderd ; cbfgrvant , ad quorum ear fum iter dirigunl , Curt. 1. 7 , Lui. Bartema relates* that they that travel over the Defarts of Arabia , which are all covered with light and fleeting fands, fo that no track can ever be fouqd, do make certain boxes of wood, which they place on Camels hackstand (hutting | thernfelves in the faid boxes to keep them from the fands, and by the help of the Loadftone like the Mariners Compafs* they fleer their courfe over the vaft and uncouth Defarts. Some do aferibe this invention to that ingenious people of China. D* Gilbert affirms, that Paulus Venetus brought itfirft into Italy in the year 1260, having learn d it from the Ghmis , as he faith l.i.dc Magnet c. $. t, H * aaet (162) and Ludovkus Vertomanus , another tra- veller, faith, ^that when he was in the Eaft Indies about the year 1500 (above an hundred and fifty years fince) he fawthe Pilot of his (hip dire& hiscourfe by a Compafs (framed after the fame manner as we have now ) wheir he was fayling towards $ava. The Mariners Compafs is not brought yet to that perfection, but that it requires fame rectification and amendment ; for the Magnetique Needle doth not exadly point to the North in all Meridians, but varies and fwerves (in fome places more, in fome Iefs) from the Dire# pofture. Configuration, and Afpedfc of the North and South, which puts Seamen to much diftraCiion, and makes them run often- times on dangerous errors. Van Helmoat a great Paracelfun of Germany, profeffeth a ready way to re&ifiethis grand incon- venience, namely, how to make a Nee- dle that fhould never vary or alter from the right point, which may be performed by a ftrong imagination, as he faith, thus - If a man in framing the Needle (hall Hand with his back to the North, and place one point of the Needle (w hich he intends for the North j dircCUy towards himfelf. himfelf, the Needle To made Ihall aiw|y| point regularly and infallibly toward the North without variation. I wilh that home Fancj-full man of an e&alted imagi- nation would make fome Needles fo| experiment after Belmont* s direiSionj fince it is a bufinefs of great concern- ment to the publique Weal3 tohavcthiS bulinefsredified,; C I«4) CAP. XI. 'HMEPUTIKH': O R. 1 be <*,/ rt of Cicuration and Taming mlde ‘Beads, WHile I look back up n the title of the Book, which is Hifteria Nature [abaft a , The Hiftory of Na- ture fubdued and brought under the power of man5 I conceive this enfuing Chapter will be no digreffion orfeem impertinent, but will prove pcitlncnt e- nough to the fcope and defign of the work. In this Theater oi mans wit, it will not ( i little) illuftrate the power of it, if we bring wilde Beafts upon the itage, to (hew that the moft favage crea- tures have been managed by mans wit and made docile and tradable for all Services and emploiments. The Spirit of God hath fpokc it 5 That (16$) That every k'mde of Beajis and of Birds » and of Serpents , and things in the fea is tamed and hath been tamed of mankinds^ Jam 3.7. I Shall verifie and confirm this pofition of the Apoftle by Exam- ples of feveral kindes. 1. For Beasts; A [pice Flephan 1, torum colla jttgo fubmiffa^ faith Seneca ; behold the Elephant, v, ch is the ftrongeft and biggeft bcaft in the Forrcft, yet this hath been tamed and managed and made ferviceable for all the offices both of Peace and Warr. It hath been taught to draw and carry ; fome ride him for the WarrS ; fome yoke him for the plough 5 & fome make him to draw their Coach, as the Emperour Gordian had fome to draw his, as fulius Capitolinus reports of him. Many {lories (that feem incredi- ble) of the Officioufnefs and Docile nefs of this creature, you mayreade amafled together (out of feveral Authors) by Lipfms in one of his Epiftles ad Ger ma- ms. The Lion himfelf, whom fome term * the King of Beafts, hath been (by the dexterity of mans wit) made tradable and officious for many Menial Offices, Mark Anthony bad Lions to draw his N 3 Triumphal de Ira,’ Triumphal Chariot, as Pliny reports. Primus Kem& Leones ad Currumjunxii M.Antoniu$,»0» fwequodant oHento tem- generofos fair it us j ugum [ubireido frodigio ftgnificante , P 1.1,8. c. 1 6. Hanno the Carthaginian had a Lion fo tame and familiar, that he could either ride him or lead him with any carriage for to bring it to Market, as Plin.lib,8.Nat.HiJl.eap.i6. find Maximus Tyrius fcrm.^i. do relate. But this coft him a Banifhment I for the jealous Carthaginians began to fear that he m ght foon put the reins in their mouths and ride them too, that had done fo by a Lion. It is no Poetical fable ("perhaps) that Tygers drevvthe Coach of Bacchus^ which Siiius Italics. it is rarjr eafier taming & managing any crea- ture than man 5 and that of Seneca* Eft nullum animal homine morofius , aut maj ore arte trail andum $ there is no crea- ture fo wayward and fierce and untra- dable as man. 2. For Serpents^ that have been tamed by man (as the Apoftlc mentions) wee may vouch Strabo for a tame Croco- dile in *s£gypt in the Lake of My is : and Seneca for a tame Dragon thal took meat from the hand of Tiberius 5 he mentions clfe- elfewhere, repentes inter pocula finnfy innoxio lapfu Dracones , l.i.dt Ira. Dra- gons that crept upon mens tables among chcir cups, and harmiefly along their bo- fomes: and the four* legged Serpents in Cairo were tame and harmlefs, that wee fpake of before in the Chapter of Mn- ftck. 3. For Birds and wilde Fowle , we may inftance in the Eftridgcs, that were put to draw a Coach ; in Eagles, that are trained in Turky like Hawks to fly at any •2ji. fowl in the Crew, that Scaliger faw in the French Kings Court, that was taught to flye at Partridges, or any other fowl, from the Falconers lift ; and laftly, in ) Wilde- Ducks, that are tamed and made Decoyes, to intice and betray their fel- lows, which is commonly known. 4. Then fourthly, for things in the Sea that have been tamed, we may in- ftance in a fifti called the Manati, or Sea- Cow, well known about Hifpaniola and other places of the Weft- Indies 5 it hath the form of a Cow, and hath four feet, and comes often to land to cat grafs : Peter Martyr in his Decads fpeaks of an Indian Cacique or Lord of the Coun- trey that had one of thefe tame Cows, (‘70 that would cat meat out of his hands, and was as fportfull as an Ape, & would carry his Tons and fervants (fometimes ten of them at a time) on his back , and waft them over a great Lake from one Chore to another. We may inftance al- io in the Sea-Horfe that hath been ta- med, and made tradable to carry men on his back, as Leo Afer reports of one he had feen, in his Hiftory of Africa 5 and lathe Fifh called Sever fus, by whole help and admirable induftry, the Indians ufed to catch Fifli in the Sea, as Benin relates in the third book of his Theatrum Natu- re : He is let joofe at the prey , as the Greyhound from the flip, as Purcbas faith-, and Peter Martyr hath the like (lo- ry of it in his Decads : Pliny fpeaks the fame of Dolphins , which he had feen (in feme places) to be ufed for to catch Filh, and to bring them to (hore, and upon receiving fome part of the prey, to go their ways 5 and it they failed in fome point of fervice,they fuffered themfelves patiently to be correded , as Setting- Dogs, and Qaa-Ducks5or Decoy Ducks (as we commonly call them) ufe to be. This fame is affirmed of the Dolphins by Ofpianm a learned Writer , in his BdmtickSo Sands Travels* ( w) Malkntkks. Otters have been tamed , and taught to drive Fiih into the Net, as Dogs ufe to drive cattle into the Fold, as Cardan relates. But this is not all, wilde bcafts and birds have been tamed not only for the fervice, but alfo for the pleafure and pa- ftime of man : As man hath learn’d fomc Arts from them , fo they have learn’d fome from man .* Camels have been taught to dance, as the African Leo hath feen in his Countrv. Elephants have alfo been taught the fame *, and not only on the earth, but alfo in the air, ambulare per What various courfes atthe Carters voyce They ftiape, and ft ill tread new com- manded ways; Their diftant drivers notes each one obferves. And his loud tongue for bit and bridle fervcs. In France and Italy where they plow With Horfc$; one man fervcs to hold the O Plough plough, and drive the horfes too : Pogs have been trained up for the Wars by the ancient Brittons and Gauls, as Strabo and Cambden relate 5 fo have Bulls, and Boars, and Lyons, as appears by Lucnta lib. $. Tentarunt tt'tam Taurus in mcentrt belli, Zxpertify fues Java* funt mittereinho - Jlest Bt v didos Part hi fra ft mi fere Leone? Cum Duff or thus armatis , (aeviffc Ma - giftris jgui ytoderanet bps peflent, vinclifyue tenere. Which inftances have verified that Lrnbietne and Motto of pne of the Ger- man Emperours, which was, a Lion in a chain with this word, Ars vincit Natu- yam : and that of the Greek Poet, Ttyy'i $v Nat ur a ubi [ufcramur, arte yinctmus . 1 And this of another cited by Grotius in bis Annotations on his excellent Trad:, di vmt&te Betidenis. C «7S>) B&Otf T2* &tv@- etvifp* ’AAX* trotKiKietk fist&mJhip &.&[*£ fvhi prov% XOovtav re euQeetaV ts vrtuAvyM r/V cxiguaeft, qttamcmfe bomb* Ndtura dedit : j£*f confiliis V Artis artes qua nata marl 9 Et qua terra 9 aereque domant. Una ratio omnes omnium animmtium vires poteft ate in fe continet . Plut, dc Fort. Romanorum, A fummo opifice cuntta animals a ferva faBa font animanti rations utenti . Orig. contra Celfum, l. 4, O 2 CAP ( I So ) >' \ v ... f. ■ > .. V ' »* — -- — •" - 1 : • - — » — ■. . — * GAP. XII. TE XNO-riAirNIA : O R, ' 5 Certain Sports and Extrava > gancies of Art . AS Nature hath her Ittdicra , fo Art hash hers too 5 that is, fome pretty knacks that are made,npt fo much for ufe, as to (hew fubtilcy of Wit, being made de Gaiett de Ceur , and for paftime as it were 5 yet the workmanfhtp and elegan- cy of thefe may juftly deferve admirati- on 1 and I may fay of them as Virgil faid U.Cc»r P°em concerning Bees, In tenui i;i:de labir eft, at tennis non gloria : and we may rjr.c.43. furlhcr fay of Artificial things, as Cardan fpake of Natural things, Non minori ml- raculo in parvis ludit Natttra ( ludit An) cfuatn inmagnis : Art (as well as Nature) & never more w^pderful then infmaller |?ice% Sajnt ( i-8-i ) Saint Auguftine faith, T hat he did not know whether to wonder at more, the tooth of an Elephant, or that of a T credo or Mothj which eats not only cloth, but con fumes polls and pillars, whofe tooth is fo far from being feen, that the whole body of it is fcarce vifible. Some ex- amples and inftances of this kindc, which I have cafually lighted upon in tumbling overbooks, I have thought fit to annex to this former Rapfody. Admiranda tibi levium fpccfaculdre^ rum ExhibcQ— — — -r- One Callicrates a icone cutter of S?artay made Ants of Ivory, with all their limbs, fofmall,- that the eye could fcarce difcern them. Mymecidcs the Mile ft an made a Chariot ol Ivory., with Horfes and Charioteer in fo final 1 a cornpafs, that a Fly could cover tlf m with her wings : He made alfo a (hip w ch all .her taCklingSjthata Bee could hide it, fU /• 7. c. 2 1 . & U 36. c. 5 . And yElian L 1. var. bill, c. 52. are my Authors, Qyid fpeaks of the admirable chains & nets which fulcan mad? to apprehend p | : Mars in conjun&ion with bis V enus, which were fo fine and fubtile* — SlU* lamina po(fint9 That the wanton Lovers could not fee them till they felt them : Ovid defctibcs them thus, /. 4. Met am. Exemplagraciles ex Are Catenas ^ Retiaque & laqueos, qua fatter e lamina pejfent, Eli mat, ne» ittud opus tenttiflima vin - cant Stamina , nec fummo qua pendet aranea T igno : Utque leves tatftu^ moment aque parva Effcit,& lefto circundata cottocat apte . A Waggon and Oxen made of glafs that might be hidden under a Fly, are mentioned by Cardan , /. 10. var, c. 52. Leander Alberti in his defcription of italjy makes mention of a Lock very neatly and artificially made of Wood, without any Iron in ir. But one Mark Scaliot a Black fmith and Citizen of L ondon , for proof of his skili and and worktnanfhip , made one hanging lock ot Iron, Steel and Brafs, of eleven feveral pieces , and a pipe key, all dean wrought , which weighed but one grain of gold , which is but one wheat corn. Hcalfomade at the fame time a chain of gold of 43 .linkes,to which chain the loci and key being fattened and put about a fleas neck , (he drew the fame with eafe : all which lock and key, chain and flea weighed but one grain and a half .* A thing moft incredible to believe, but that I my fell have feen it, faith M rjohn Stow, in the Annals of Q^Eli\abeth. Scaliger makes mention of a flea that heExerc.ij&f had feen with a gold chain about her heck and kept daintily in a box ; which for her food did fuck her miftreffes white hand. Leo Afer faw the like flea and chain in , Memphis or Grand Cairo , and the Artifi- ccr that made the chain had a fuic of doth ofgoldbeft owed upon him by the Sol* dan after the manner of that Country. Hadr. Junius faw at Mechlin in Bra- bant, a cherry ftone cut in the form of a basket, wherein were fourteen pair of d ce diftind,each with their fpots and number eafily to be difeerned with a good eye. L 6. Animadverf, Galen * 1 7c Pe ifu pan- rium. c 184 > Gden makes mention of a pretious ftone enchafed in a ring, wherein was the pi&ure of Phaeton , rnoft accurately cut, d; iving the chariot of the Sun, and being not able to rule his fiery Steeds, tumbling headlong into the River Eridanus (or the Poe ) The world being all fet on a flame, according to Ovid’s defcription, /. 2. Metam , George Whitehead whom we mentioned before,made a Ship with ail her tacklings to move of its felf on a table, with rowers plying the Oars, a woman playing on the Lute, and a little whelp crying on the deck . Schott us in I finer a Italia, Gtffere litis a Frenchman makes menti- on of a clock that he had feen at Legorn , made by a German (for thefe Germans are faid to have their wits at their fingers ends) on which clock a company of fhep- herds playd upon the bagpipes , with rare harmony and motion of the fingers, while others danced by couples, keeping time and meafure, and fome others caper- ed and leaped. Caf.6. of Unheard of Curiosities. Cardan fpeaks of an Artizan at L>ons, that made a chain of Glafs that wasfo light and fl >nder that if it fell upon a done pavement, (i8$) pavement it would not brea k3€ard. l.t©' Fdr.c.52. Amongft thefe wc may reckon an Iron Spider , mentioned by Walcbins in his ninth fable,which was ex- a&ly made to the form and proportion of a Spider, and was alfo made to imitate his motionsi which I confefs was a lingu- lar piece of Art, if duly confidered. And though thefe knacks are but little ufcful, and take up more time then needed to be loft , yet they difcover a marvelous pre- gnancy of wit in the Artificers 5 and may be experiment a luclfertt , it not frttgtfera hints of greater matters 5 of which Iron Spider I may fay as Du Bart as fpeaks of the Iron Fly made by Johannes Aegis - montan us , or -f$h» of kegensbergjhax, rare Mathematician of his time, O Divine Wit / that in the narrow wombe Of a fmill Fly , could find fufficient room For all thefe fprings, wheels, coun- terpoize, and chains. Which ftoodjinftead of life, and fpur, and reins. A Dutchman prefented the Landt- graveof Heffen (not many years fince) with a Bear, and Lion of gold, that were hollow within, and each of the length of a man’s middle finger, and every part and lineament of them anfwering truly to the proportion of the length, and both thefe did not exceed the weight of a French crown ; but the Prince gave him three thoufand Crowns in reward of his invention : A fair and Princely encou- ragement for ingenious Artifts. Claudian hath an Epigram dt Quadriga Marmorea , like that of Callicrates (mention’d before) made of Ivory; and it is thus, guts dedit innumer os uno de Marntore vultus i Surgitin Attrigam enrrus , paribufque lupatis Unanimes franantar equi, qaos forma Deremit Materies cognata tenet ; Diferiminc nnlle Una filex tot membra ligat^ulhtfqtte per artem Mens patient ferri, varies mntatnr in arms. What VVhat artful handjnto one fhapc did put So many different (hapcsf and all well cut: The Driver on his Chariot mounted tits. His well matched horfcs with wrought marble bits And reins, are curb'd § and though each Figure varies. Yet all are but one piece 5 one marble carries Unfundercd, all thole fliapes, the pa- tient ft one Cut into various forms, ihews all in one. tfohn Tredeskins Ark in Lambeth, can afford many more inftanccs of this na- ture 5 and fo can the Archives of fundry Princes and private perfons, who have their Pinacothecds and Teehnematophylacla for to preferve all rarities 5 among others, we finde great mention of Bernard Pain - danus a Phyfitian of Enchuyfen in Hol- land $ at the fight of whofe rarities a Traveller compofed this following Epi- gram ex tempore. Orh ( i88) Orii tmit & titieri rmm&mkititi quicquid Vat natttrafarens, Artifcifque mx- nust Urn Paludani domus exhibet 3 ingtni- umque Sublime acfiudium teftificatur Hen, Tranflated. i In the old world or new, what wondc- rous thing Did art to light or nature lately bring, This Paludamts houfe dothihew a rare Proof of the owners foveraign wit and care. Another you may finde touching this bufinefs in Grotius his Poems. FINIS. SETTY CENTER LltyRARi